A nurse is creating a plan of care for prostate screening in high-risk populations. Which of the following is an important consideration?

Prostate cancer mortality is more than double for Black American males than for other groups.

Occupational toxic exposure among factory workers increases rates of prostate cancer.

Dietary factors can increase the risk of prostate cancer mortality by as much as 50%.

The best way to determine prostate cancer risk is to have a computed tomography scan.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale
Prostate cancer mortality is more than double for Black American males than for other groups. This is a significant consideration when creating a plan of care for prostate screening in high- risk populations. Black American males have a higher incidence and mortality rate of prostate cancer compared to other racial and ethnic groups. This disparity is attributed to a combination of genetic, socioeconomic, and healthcare access factors. Therefore, targeted screening and early detection efforts are crucial for this high-risk population to improve outcomes and reduce mortality rates.
Choice B rationale
Occupational toxic exposure among factory workers can increase the risk of various cancers, including prostate cancer. However, this is not the most important consideration when creating a plan of care for prostate screening in high-risk populations. While occupational exposure is a risk factor, it does not have the same level of impact on prostate cancer incidence and mortality as race and family history. Screening efforts should prioritize those with the highest risk, such as Black American males and individuals with a family history of prostate cancer.
Choice C rationale
Dietary factors can influence the risk of prostate cancer, but the impact is not as significant as other risk factors such as race and family history. While a healthy diet is important for overall health and may help reduce cancer risk, it is not the primary consideration for prostate screening in high-risk populations. Screening efforts should focus on those with the highest risk based on genetic and demographic factors, rather than dietary habits alone.
Choice D rationale
A computed tomography (CT) scan is not the best way to determine prostate cancer risk. The primary screening method for prostate cancer is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test, often combined with a digital rectal exam (DRE). CT scans are not typically used for initial screening but may be employed for further evaluation if there are abnormal findings on PSA or DRE. The focus should be on using established screening methods to identify high-risk individuals and provide early detection and intervention.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
The client has an increased risk for bleeding. Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug that can cause myelosuppression, leading to a decrease in platelets (thrombocytopenia). However, the client’s platelet count is 170,000/mm³, which is within the normal range (150,000-450,000/mm³).
Therefore, the client does not have an increased risk for bleeding based on the current CBC results.
Choice B rationale
The client should receive an erythropoiesis stimulating agent. Cisplatin can cause anemia due to myelosuppression, which would be indicated by a low hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct). However, the client’s Hgb is 12.1 g/dL and Hct is 36.5%, both of which are within normal limits (Hgb: 12-16 g/dL for females, Hct: 36-48% for females). Therefore, there is no immediate need for an erythropoiesis stimulating agent based on the current CBC results.
Choice C rationale
The client should receive a diet with increased protein. While a high-protein diet can be beneficial for cancer patients to help maintain muscle mass and support recovery, the CBC results do not indicate a specific need for increased protein intake. The client’s albumin level is 4.5 g/dL, which is within the normal range (3.5-5.0 g/dL), indicating adequate protein status.
Choice D rationale
The client has an increased risk of infection. Cisplatin can cause neutropenia, a condition characterized by a low white blood cell (WBC) count, which increases the risk of infection. The client’s WBC count is 1,400/mm³, which is significantly below the normal range (4,000- 11,000/mm³). This indicates severe neutropenia, putting the client at a high risk for infections. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to consider infection prevention measures for this client.

A. WBC 2300/mm³. B. Platelets 155,000/mm³. C. RBC 5 million/mm³. D. Hemoglobin 12 g/dL.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
A WBC count of 2300/mm³ is significantly lower than the normal range (4500-11000/mm³) and indicates leukopenia, which increases the risk of infection. This finding should be reported to the provider.
Choice B rationale
A platelet count of 155,000/mm³ is within the lower end of the normal range (150,000- 450,000/mm³) and does not require immediate reporting.
Choice C rationale
An RBC count of 5 million/mm³ is within the normal range for females (4.2-5.4 million/mm³) and does not require immediate reporting.
Choice D rationale
A hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL is within the normal range for females (12-16 g/dL) and does not require immediate reporting.

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A nurse is creating a plan of care for prostate screening in high-risk populations. Which of the following is an important consideration?

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