A nurse is conducting an in-service program for a group of nurses working at the women's health facility about the causes of spontaneous abortion. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which condition as the most common cause of first trimester abortions?
Cervical insufficiency
Uterine fibroids
Fetal genetic abnormalities
Maternal disease
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because cervical insufficiency is a condition where the cervix dilates prematurely and painlessly during pregnancy, leading to preterm delivery or second trimester abortion. It is not a common cause of first trimester abortion, which occurs before 12 weeks of gestation.
Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because uterine fibroids are benign tumors that grow in or on the uterus. They may cause heavy bleeding, pain, or infertility, but they are not a common cause of first trimester abortion. They may increase the risk of miscarriage in later stages of pregnancy.
Choice C Reason: This is correct because fetal genetic abnormalities are the most common cause of first trimester abortion, accounting for up to 70% of cases. Fetal genetic abnormalities are errors in the number or structure of chromosomes that occur during fertilization or cell division. They can cause developmental defects or fetal demise that result in spontaneous abortion.
Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because maternal disease is not a common cause of first trimester abortion. Maternal disease refers to any medical condition that affects the mother's health or pregnancy outcome, such as diabetes, hypertension, thyroid disorders, or infections. Maternal disease may increase the risk of miscarriage in later stages of pregnancy or cause other complications such as preterm labor or preeclampsia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because ferrous sulfate is an iron supplement that is used to treat or prevent iron-deficiency anemia. It has no effect on magnesium sulfate, which is a medication that lowers blood pressure and prevents seizures in severe preeclampsia.
Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because potassium chloride is an electrolyte supplement that is used to treat or prevent low levels of potassium in the blood. It has no effect on magnesium sulfate, which can cause hypermagnesemia, or high levels of magnesium in the blood.
Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because calcium carbonate is an antacid that is used to treat or prevent heartburn, indigestion, or calcium deficiency. It has no effect on magnesium sulfate, which can cause hypocalcemia, or low levels of calcium in the blood.
Choice D Reason: This is correct because calcium gluconate is an antidote that is used to treat magnesium toxicity, which can occur when magnesium sulfate is given in high doses or for prolonged periods. Calcium gluconate reverses the effects of magnesium sulfate on the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems, such as muscle weakness, respiratory depression, cardiac arrhythmias, or cardiac arrest.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because hemoconcentration by hypertension is a condition where the blood volume decreases and the blood pressure increases, leading to a higher hemoglobin level. A normal hemoglobin level for a pregnant woman in her second trimester is 10.5 to 14 g/dL. A hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL is within the normal range, not indicative of hemoconcentration.
Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because a multiple gestation pregnancy is a pregnancy with more than one fetus, such as twins or triplets. A multiple gestation pregnancy can cause a lower hemoglobin level due to increased blood volume and increased demand for iron. A hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL is not suggestive of a multiple gestation pregnancy.
Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because greater-than-expected weight gain is not directly related to the hemoglobin level. Weight gain during pregnancy depends on various factors such as pre-pregnancy weight, nutrition, physical activity, and genetics. A hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL does not reflect the weight status of the pregnant client.
Choice D Reason: This is correct because iron-deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia that occurs when the body does not have enough iron to produce enough red blood cells. Iron-deficiency anemia can cause a low hemoglobin level and affect the oxygen delivery to the tissues and the fetus. A hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL may indicate iron-deficiency anemia, especially if the client has other symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pale skin, or cravings for non-food items. The nurse should confirm the diagnosis with further tests and recommend iron supplements and dietary changes to treat the condition.
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