A nurse is collecting data on an older adult client. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client has a bladder infection?
Changed mental status
WBC count 9,000/mm³
Diminished reflexes
Temperature 37.3°C (99.1°F)
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Changed mental status, such as confusion, agitation, or delirium, can be a sign of a bladder infection in older adults, as they may not have the typical symptoms of dysuria, frequency, or urgency.
Choice B reason: WBC count 9,000/mm³ is within the normal range of 4,500 to 11,000/mm³ and does not indicate an infection.
Choice C reason: Diminished reflexes are not related to a bladder infection and may be due to aging, neurological disorders, or medication side effects.
Choice D reason: Temperature 37.3°C (99.1°F) is slightly elevated but not indicative of a bladder infection. Older adults may have lower baseline temperatures and may not develop fever in response to an infection.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A: This is incorrect because hyperactive deep tendon reflexes are not associated with low serum calcium levels. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes can indicate hypomagnesemia, hyperthyroidism, or spinal cord injury.
Choice B: This is incorrect because hypoactive bowel sounds are not associated with low serum calcium levels. Hypoactive bowel sounds can indicate ileus, peritonitis, or opioid use.
Choice C: This is correct because positive Chvostek's sign is associated with low serum calcium levels. Positive Chvostek's sign is a facial muscle spasm that occurs when tapping on the cheek near the ear. It indicates hypocalcemia, which can be caused by hemodialysis, renal failure, or parathyroid dysfunction.
Choice D: This is incorrect because lethargy is not associated with low serum calcium levels. Lethargy can indicate hypercalcemia, dehydration, hypoglycemia, or infection.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Using NSAIDs for pain relief is not a risk factor for osteoporosis. NSAIDs are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are used to treat pain and inflammation. They do not affect bone density or calcium metabolism.
Choice B reason: Age 45 years is not a risk factor for osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is more common in older adults, especially postmenopausal women, but it can affect anyone at any age. The risk of osteoporosis increases with age, but it is not determined by a specific age.
Choice C reason: Smoking cigarettes is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Smoking can reduce bone mass and increase bone loss by interfering with the production and activity of estrogen, which is a hormone that protects bone health. Smoking can also impair blood circulation and oxygen delivery to the bones, which can affect their growth and repair.
Choice D reason: Regular aerobic exercise is not a risk factor for osteoporosis. Aerobic exercise is a type of physical activity that increases the heart rate and improves cardiovascular fitness. Aerobic exercise can also benefit bone health by stimulating bone formation and increasing bone density. Aerobic exercise can also prevent falls and fractures by improving balance and coordination.
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