A nurse is collecting data on a client who has bradycardia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Fixed volume deficit

Anxiety

Lightheadedness

Elevated temperature

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason : A fixed volume deficit, or hypovolemia, is not a direct finding associated with bradycardia. Bradycardia refers to a slower than normal heart rate, typically below 60 beats per minute in adults⁸. Hypovolemia can cause various compensatory mechanisms to activate, including an increase in heart rate to maintain cardiac output, which is the opposite of bradycardia. Therefore, a fixed volume deficit is not a typical finding in bradycardia unless it is part of a broader clinical picture⁹.

Choice B reason : Anxiety is a condition that can sometimes lead to an increased heart rate, known as tachycardia, rather than a decreased heart rate as seen in bradycardia. While anxiety can coexist with bradycardia, especially if the patient is anxious about their health, it is not a direct symptom or finding of bradycardia itself⁹.

Choice C reason : Lightheadedness is a common symptom of bradycardia. When the heart rate is too slow, it may lead to inadequate cerebral perfusion, which can cause a feeling of lightheadedness or dizziness. This symptom can be particularly evident when the patient changes positions, such as standing up quickly, which can exacerbate the effects of reduced cardiac output on cerebral blood flow⁸⁹.

Choice D reason : An elevated temperature is not typically associated with bradycardia. Fever can actually lead to an increased heart rate as the body attempts to manage the higher metabolic demands associated with a raised temperature. Bradycardia in the presence of fever might indicate a more complex clinical scenario, such as myocarditis or central nervous system infections, but it is not a direct finding of bradycardia⁹.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason : S1 represents the sound made by the closure of the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid valves) and is not the sound associated with the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves.

Choice B reason : S2 is the sound heard when the aortic and pulmonic valves close. It is often described as a "dub" and occurs at the end of ventricular systole.

Choice C reason : S3 is a rare extra heart sound that follows S2 and usually indicates an increase in left ventricular filling pressure, which can be found in conditions such as heart failure.

Choice D reason : S4 is another extra heart sound that occurs just before S1. It is typically associated with a stiff or hypertrophic ventricle and is not related to the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves

A. Schedule his next appointment for 1 year from now. B. Provide information for a weight loss plan that includes increasing physical activity. C. Provide information about how to reduce risk factors of hypertension. D. Schedule an appointment for a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Scheduling the next appointment for 1 year from now is a standard practice for patients who are considered to be in good health and have no immediate medical concerns. Given the patient's normal BP and BMI, along with no reported medical problems, this would typically be an appropriate action. However, it is essential to consider the patient's age and race, as African American men are at a higher risk for certain conditions, such as prostate cancer, which may warrant more frequent monitoring.

Choice B reason: While providing information for a weight loss plan that includes increasing physical activity is generally beneficial, it may not be necessary for this patient. His BMI is 24, which falls within the normal range (18.5-24.9), indicating that he is not overweight. Therefore, unless the patient expresses a desire to lose weight or improve fitness, this action might not be a priority.

Choice C reason:Offering information on reducing risk factors for hypertension is always a positive step in preventive healthcare. However, the patient's BP is 126 mm Hg, which is considered a normal reading (normal BP range is 90/60 mm Hg to 120/80 mm Hg). Therefore, while education on maintaining a healthy lifestyle is valuable, it may not be the most critical action for this visit.

Choice D reason:Scheduling a PSA test is recommended for African American men starting at age 45 due to their increased risk of prostate cancer. The PSA test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood, which can be an indicator of prostate cancer. Given the patient's demographic, this proactive screening measure is advisable, despite the absence of symptoms or previous medical problems.

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A nurse is collecting data on a client who has bradycardia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assisting with teaching a newly licensed nurse about heart sounds. Which of the following sounds is heard when the aortic and pulmonic valves close?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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