A nurse is collecting data from an infant who has Hirschsprung's disease. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

"We allow our children the freedom to decide their own behavior.”

Choice A reason:

This statement does not indicate a permissive parenting style. In fact, it suggests an authoritative or authoritarian style, where the parents make decisions for their children without considering their input. The parents' imposition of their decisions on their children's time indicates a more controlling approach.

Choice B reason:

This statement also does not reflect a permissive parenting style. Instead, it represents an authoritative or authoritarian style, where the parents expect obedience and compliance without allowing room for questions or autonomy. This approach tends to be more structured and directive.

Choice C reason:

This statement demonstrates the use of a permissive parenting style. In permissive parenting, parents tend to be lenient and allow their children considerable freedom in decision-making and behavior. By giving their children the freedom to decide their own behavior, the parents are adopting a permissive approach, which can sometimes lead to indulgence and lack of necessary boundaries.

Choice D reason:

This statement does not indicate a permissive parenting style either. Instead, it suggests an authoritative or democratic style, where the parents explain the reasoning behind the rules they set. This approach encourages understanding and cooperation but is different from permissiveness.

Choice C reason: The infant makes babbling sounds. At 6 months of age, it is typical for infants to engage in babbling sounds. Babbling is a significant milestone in language development during infancy. It involves the repetition of consonant-vowel combinations (e.g., "ba-ba,”. "ma-ma") and is an essential precursor to later language skills, such as forming words and sentences. The nurse should expect the 6-month-old infant to be making these babbling sounds as part of their normal development.

Choice A reason:

The infant has a pincer grasp. A pincer grasp is the ability to pick up small objects using the thumb and index finger. This fine motor skill typically develops around 9 to 12 months of age. At 6 months old, infants have not yet acquired the pincer grasp. Therefore, the nurse should not expect the 6-month-old infant to demonstrate this skill during the assessment.

Choice D reason:

The infant crawls on their hands and knees. Crawling is a gross motor skill that usually emerges between 7 to 10 months of age. While some infants may start crawling earlier or later, it is not a skill that is typically present in a 6-month-old. Therefore, the nurse should not anticipate the 6-month-old infant to be crawling on their hands and knees during the assessment.

Choice B reason:

The infant drops objects with the expectation of someone picking them up. This behavior, known as "object permanence,”. is a cognitive milestone that develops around 8 to 12 months of age. At 6 months old, infants have not yet fully developed this concept. They might drop objects as part of their exploratory behavior, but they do not yet understand the expectation of someone picking them up. Therefore, the nurse should not expect the 6- month-old infant to exhibit this specific behavior during the assessment.