A nurse is collecting data from an infant a large patent ductus arteriosus. Which of the following is clinical manifestations should the nurse expect?

A. Machine-like murmur.

This option is correct. A characteristic clinical manifestation of a large patent ductus arteriosus is a continuous "machine-like" murmur heard on auscultation. This murmur is typically heard best at the upper left sternal border and may radiate to the back.

B. Chronic hypoxemia.

Chronic hypoxemia is not typically a primary manifestation of a large PDA. While PDA can lead to increased pulmonary blood flow and potentially contribute to pulmonary congestion, chronic hypoxemia may not be a prominent feature unless complications such as heart failure develop.

C. Cyanosis with crying.

Cyanosis with crying is more commonly associated with cyanotic congenital heart defects such as tetralogy of Fallot. While PDA can contribute to cyanosis in certain circumstances, it is not typically a consistent clinical manifestation.

D. Weak pulse.

A weak pulse is not typically associated specifically with a large PDA. Infants with PDA may have bounding pulses due to increased blood flow through the ductus arteriosus.

A. Obtain a throat culture.

This option is not appropriate as a primary nursing action in the acute management of epiglottitis. While obtaining a throat culture may be necessary for diagnostic purposes, it is not a priority in the immediate care of a child with suspected epiglottitis. The focus should be on ensuring airway patency and providing emergency treatment.

B. Visualize the epiglottis using a tongue depressor.

This option is contraindicated in the acute management of epiglottitis. Direct visualization of the epiglottis using a tongue depressor or other instruments can provoke spasm of the epiglottis and worsen airway obstruction. Attempting to visualize the epiglottis should be avoided until the child's airway has been secured in a controlled environment, such as in the operating room under anesthesia.

C. Provide moist air to reduce the inflammation of the epiglottis.

This option is appropriate. Providing moist air, such as humidified oxygen or a cool mist, can help soothe the inflamed tissues of the epiglottis and upper airway. Moist air may help alleviate discomfort and reduce inflammation, although it will not directly address the risk of airway obstruction. It is often used as supportive therapy in conjunction with other interventions.

D. Initiate airborne precautions.

This option is not necessary for the care of a child with epiglottitis. Epiglottitis is not typically transmitted through airborne droplets. The priority in the management of epiglottitis is ensuring a patent airway and providing appropriate treatment to reduce inflammation and prevent complications.