A nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking levodopa-carbidopa to treat Parkinson's disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse document as an adverse effect of this medication?

Bradycardia

Hypotension

Constricted pupils

Urinary frequency

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Bradycardia is not a common adverse effect of levodopa-carbidopa. Instead, it may sometimes cause tachycardia (increased heart rate) in some patients. Monitoring for cardiovascular changes is essential, but bradycardia is not typically associated with this medication.
B. Hypotension is a documented adverse effect of levodopa-carbidopa. This medication can cause orthostatic hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure when standing up, leading to dizziness or fainting. This finding should be carefully monitored and documented, as it can increase the risk of falls.
C. Constricted pupils are not typically an adverse effect of levodopa-carbidopa. Instead, this medication may cause dilated pupils (mydriasis) as a result of its effects on the autonomic nervous system, particularly if the patient is taking other medications that can affect pupil size.
D. Urinary frequency can occur with levodopa-carbidopa; however, it is not commonly classified as a significant adverse effect. While changes in urinary habits can happen, they are more often related to Parkinson's disease itself rather than the medication specifically. Therefore, urinary frequency should be monitored but is not a primary concern compared to hypotension.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Turn on fans in the facility to circulate air." Fans should not be turned on during a chemical disaster because they can spread contaminants throughout the facility, increasing exposure to toxic substances.
B. "Open the fireplace dampers in the day room." Opening fireplace dampers can allow contaminated air to enter the facility, increasing the risk of exposure. Sealing off potential entry points for hazardous chemicals is a priority in these situations.
C. "Cover the electrical outlets with wet towels." While sealing gaps and vents can help reduce chemical exposure, using wet towels over electrical outlets is not an effective protective measure. Instead, doors, windows, and ventilation systems should be sealed as much as possible to prevent outside air from entering.
D. "Move clients to a room above ground with few windows." In an external chemical disaster, sheltering in place is essential. A room above ground is preferable because many chemicals are heavier than air and can accumulate in lower levels. Selecting a space with few windows helps minimize exposure by reducing potential entry points for contaminants.

A. "You might experience swollen gums while taking this medication." B. "You can skip a dose of this medication if you are nauseated." C. "You can safely take this medication if you become pregnant." D. "You should expect to have blood work every 6 months while taking this medication."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "You might experience swollen gums while taking this medication." Phenytoin is known to cause gingival hyperplasia, which is swelling and overgrowth of the gums. This is a common side effect, and clients should be informed about it so they can maintain good oral hygiene and seek dental care if necessary.
B. "You can skip a dose of this medication if you are nauseated." Skipping doses is not advised. Phenytoin should be taken consistently, and skipping doses can lead to decreased seizure control. If nausea occurs, the client should contact their healthcare provider for guidance.
C. "You can safely take this medication if you become pregnant." Phenytoin is classified as a Category D medication, indicating evidence of risk to the fetus. Women of childbearing age should discuss effective contraception and consult their healthcare provider regarding the risks associated with taking phenytoin during pregnancy.
D. "You should expect to have blood work every 6 months while taking this medication." Regular monitoring of serum levels is necessary, typically every 1-3 months, especially after dosage changes. Monitoring ensures therapeutic levels and prevents toxicity, so stating that blood work is only required every 6 months may be insufficient.

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking levodopa-carbidopa to treat Parkinson's disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse document as an adverse effect of this medication?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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