A nurse is collecting data from a client who has diabetes mellitus.
The nurse should ask which of the following to determine the client's ability to provide foot self-hygiene?

Choice A rationale

A small amount of liquid stool draining from the stoma is expected during the early postoperative period following colostomy placement. This indicates that the stoma is functioning and passing waste as intended.

Choice B rationale

The stoma protruding slightly from the abdomen, known as stoma protrusion or eversion, is a common and normal finding. It indicates that the stoma is correctly positioned and healing properly.

Choice C rationale

A dark-colored stoma is a concerning sign that indicates compromised blood flow to the stoma tissue, potentially leading to necrosis. This requires immediate medical attention to address the underlying cause and prevent further complications.

Choice D rationale

Light bleeding from the stoma when touched is normal in the immediate postoperative period. The stoma tissue is highly vascular, and minor bleeding is expected as it heals and forms new tissue connections.

Choice A rationale

Encouraging a partner to eat three large meals each day may not be appropriate in end-of-life care. Clients often have reduced appetite, and small, frequent meals are usually recommended to avoid overwhelming them.

Choice B rationale

Opioids are commonly used in end-of-life care to manage pain and distress. Even if respiratory distress occurs, opioids are not typically restricted, but rather adjusted to balance pain relief and respiratory function.

Choice C rationale

Using an electric blanket can pose safety risks, including burns or electrical hazards, especially if the client is unable to communicate discomfort. Instead, alternative methods such as warm blankets are safer.

Choice D rationale

Assuming the partner can hear even if they do not respond is important. Hearing is believed to be one of the last senses to fade, and speaking to the client can provide comfort and connection.