A nurse is collecting data from a client who has been taking diazepam several times per day but recently ran out of the medication.
Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a manifestation of withdrawal from diazepam?

Choice A rationale:

Renal excretion time slows for medication. As people age, kidney function gradually decreases, which slows the excretion of medications. This can lead to increased levels of the drug in the body, which can increase the risk of side effects.

Choice B rationale:

Hepatic enzymes do not process medications more rapidly in older adults. In fact, liver function also decreases with age, which can slow the metabolism of medications.

Choice C rationale:

Brain receptors do not become less sensitive to medications in older adults. The sensitivity of brain receptors to medications can vary widely and is not necessarily related to age.

Choice D rationale:

Gastric emptying rate does not increase with age. On the contrary, it often slows down, which can affect the absorption of some medications.

Choice A rationale:

Levalbuterol is a short-acting beta agonist, which is commonly used for quick relief in an acute asthma attack.

Choice B rationale:

Cromolyn is used as a preventive treatment for asthma, not for treating an acute attack.

Choice C rationale:

Budesonide is a corticosteroid used for long-term control and prevention of symptoms, not for immediate relief during an acute asthma attack.

Choice D rationale:

Ipratropium is used as a bronchodilator for asthma, but it’s typically not the first choice for treating an acute asthma attack.