A nurse is administering spironolactone at 0800 to a client who has heart failure.
The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
Hypernatremia.
Hyperkalemia.
Hypophosphatemia.
Hypocalcemia.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
Hypernatremia (high sodium levels) is not a common side effect of spironolactone. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and does not typically affect sodium levels.
Choice B rationale:
Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) is a potential adverse effect of spironolactone. As a potassium-sparing diuretic, spironolactone can cause an increase in serum potassium levels.
Choice C rationale:
Hypophosphatemia (low phosphate levels) is not typically associated with spironolactone use.
Choice D rationale:
Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) is also not a common side effect of spironolactone.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Renal excretion time slows for medication. As people age, kidney function gradually decreases, which slows the excretion of medications. This can lead to increased levels of the drug in the body, which can increase the risk of side effects.
Choice B rationale:
Hepatic enzymes do not process medications more rapidly in older adults. In fact, liver function also decreases with age, which can slow the metabolism of medications.
Choice C rationale:
Brain receptors do not become less sensitive to medications in older adults. The sensitivity of brain receptors to medications can vary widely and is not necessarily related to age.
Choice D rationale:
Gastric emptying rate does not increase with age. On the contrary, it often slows down, which can affect the absorption of some medications.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Docusate sodium is a stool softener and does not have a direct effect on blood pressure. It is generally safe for individuals with hypertension.
Choice B rationale:
Pseudoephedrine is a decongestant that can raise blood pressure or interfere with the effectiveness of some prescribed blood pressure medications. Therefore, it is contraindicated for clients with hypertension.
Choice C rationale:
Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to decrease stomach acid. It does not have a significant impact on blood pressure and is generally safe for individuals with hypertension.
Choice D rationale:
Guaifenesin is an expectorant used to thin mucus in the air passages. It does not have a significant impact on blood pressure and is generally safe for individuals with hypertension.
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