A nurse is collecting data from a client who has anemia due to excess blood loss during surgery causing a decrease in blood flow/perfusion in the patient. The patient's vital signs are as follows: BP 100/60. HR 122. Resp 24, SPO2 92%. The nurse should expect which of the following findings/symptoms?
Dyspnea on exertion
Respiratory depression
Intense abdominal pain
Bradycardia
The Correct Answer is A
A. Dyspnea on exertion: Anemia from blood loss reduces oxygen-carrying capacity, leading to symptoms like fatigue and dyspnea on exertion. The patient's low SpO₂, tachycardia, and increased respiratory rate are consistent with this finding.
B. Respiratory depression: Respiratory depression is typically associated with narcotics or other depressants, not anemia due to blood loss. The increased respiratory rate suggests a compensatory mechanism for decreased oxygenation, not depression.
C. Intense abdominal pain: While abdominal pain could be present in some conditions, it is not a direct symptom of anemia due to surgical blood loss and decreased perfusion.
D. Bradycardia: Anemia usually causes tachycardia (increased heart rate) as the body compensates for the decreased oxygenation, not bradycardia (slow heart rate). Therefore, bradycardia is unlikely in this case.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "A heart murmur is a high-pitched sound due to a narrow valve." While some murmurs may be caused by a narrow valve (stenosis), not all murmurs are high-pitched. Murmurs vary in pitch depending on the cause, so this is not a comprehensive explanation.
B. "A heart murmur is an extra sound your heart makes due to blood entering an inflexible chamber." This describes an S3 or S4 sound rather than a murmur. A heart murmur is typically related to turbulent blood flow through valves, not just an inflexible heart chamber.
C. "This means that there is some inflammation around your heart." This statement incorrectly links a murmur to pericarditis or myocarditis, which involve inflammation. A murmur is associated with abnormal blood flow, not inflammation.
D. "This indicates turbulent (chaotic, random fluctuations) blood flow through a valve." A heart murmur is caused by turbulent blood flow, which can occur when blood moves through a valve that is narrow or has regurgitation. This is the correct explanation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. To provide analgesia: While aspirin can reduce pain, its primary use following a myocardial infarction is not for analgesia. Other medications are used for pain management in this scenario.
B. To prevent blood clotting: Aspirin is prescribed following a myocardial infarction to inhibit platelet aggregation and prevent blood clots, which can reduce the risk of future cardiac events. This is the correct rationale for aspirin use in coronary artery disease.
C. To reduce inflammation: Although aspirin has anti-inflammatory properties, the primary reason for prescribing it after a myocardial infarction is to prevent blood clots, not to reduce inflammation.
D. To prevent fever: Aspirin can reduce fever, but this is not the reason it is prescribed after a myocardial infarction.
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