A nurse is collecting data about a client's cardiac functioning. The nurse auscultates an S3 sound. Which of the following causes should the nurse suspect?

Atrial gallop

Ventricular gallop

Closing of semilunar valves

Closing of the atrioventricular valves

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Atrial gallop: An atrial gallop is associated with the S4 heart sound, which occurs before the S1 sound due to the atrial contraction.

B. Ventricular gallop: An S3 heart sound is known as a ventricular gallop and is often a sign of heart failure or fluid overload. It occurs during early diastole when the ventricle fills rapidly.

C. Closing of semilunar valves: The closing of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) produces the S2 heart sound, not the S3 sound.

D. Closing of the atrioventricular valves: The closing of the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) produces the S1 heart sound, not the S3 sound.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Liver: Liver is high in cholesterol and should be avoided by clients on a low-cholesterol diet. This is not a suitable choice for the client.

B. Beans: Beans are a high-fiber, plant-based protein source that is low in cholesterol. This is a good choice for a low-cholesterol diet.

C. Eggs: Eggs contain cholesterol, particularly in the yolk. While one egg a day may be acceptable for some individuals, this is generally a food that should be limited on a low-cholesterol diet.

D. Milk: Depending on the fat content, milk can be high in cholesterol. Clients should opt for skim or low-fat milk to reduce cholesterol intake. Full-fat milk is not ideal for a low-cholesterol diet.

A. Aim for a total cholesterol at 225 mg/dL. B. Maintain blood pressure at less than 140/90 mm Hg. C. Limit total fat intake to 50% of total daily calories. D. Keep body mass index (BMI) above 30.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Aim for a total cholesterol at 225 mg/dL. A total cholesterol level of 225 mg/dL is higher than the recommended target, which is typically less than 200 mg/dL. This is not an appropriate treatment goal.

B. Maintain blood pressure at less than 140/90 mm Hg. This is a reasonable goal for many clients with atherosclerosis. Keeping blood pressure below 140/90 mm Hg helps reduce the risk of further vascular damage.

C. Limit total fat intake to 50% of total daily calories. Limiting fat intake to 50% of total daily calories is excessive. The recommendation is usually around 25-35% of total daily calories from fat, with a focus on healthy fats.

D. Keep body mass index (BMI) above 30. A BMI above 30 is classified as obese, which is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. The goal is to reduce BMI to within a healthy range (18.5-24.9).

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A nurse is collecting data about a client's cardiac functioning. The nurse auscultates an S3 sound. Which of the following causes should the nurse suspect?

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