A nurse is caring for an older adult client.

Exhibits

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System	Findings
General	Adult child accompanying parent reports decline in client, expressing concern over memory and thought process, appetite, and self-care. Adult child states, "My sibling and I hired help at home for my parent. We thought that would help but it has not.. I found the title to the car today, signed over to me.
Physical	Client makes poor eye contact, speaks in a monotone voice, and has a lack of facial expression. Client reports sleeping 7 hr a night and getting up "once or twice per night to go to the bathroom. Client reports not wanting to eat anymore. Client reports not wanting to eat anymore. Client's child reports their parent has lost about 8 lb in the past month. Heart rate 68/min
Affect	Client says, "Why don't you just leave me? I am of no use."

A. Place the client's hands in warm water: This action can stimulate the client’s natural reflex to urinate. The warm water helps relax the muscles involved in urination.

B. Administer a benzodiazepine: Incorrect. Benzodiazepines are not indicated for difficulty urinating postpartum and can cause unnecessary sedation.

C. Place an ice pack on the client's perineum: Incorrect. An ice pack is typically used to reduce swelling or discomfort, but it is not a primary intervention for urinary retention.

D. Perform a fundal massage: Incorrect. Fundal massage is performed to assess uterine tone, not for urinary retention.

Capillary refill 4 seconds: A prolonged capillary refill time of more than 2 seconds may indicate poor perfusion, possibly due to dehydration or circulatory compromise. This warrants immediate follow-up to assess for potential dehydration or shock.

Hyperactive bowel sounds: This may indicate gastrointestinal distress, such as diarrhea or irritation.

Diaper area erythema: Diaper rash is common in toddlers, particularly with diarrhea. Extremities cool: Cool extremities can be a sign of poor peripheral circulation, often associated with dehydration or developing hypovolemic shock. Immediate intervention is needed to address potential circulatory issues.

Reports no tears: The absence of tears, especially in a toddler, may suggest significant dehydration. This is a concerning sign and requires immediate follow-up to assess the child's hydration status and consider interventions, such as IV fluids or electrolyte management.

Lethargic: The child's lethargy, especially after vomiting and with decreased responsiveness, raises concern for potential dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, or a worsening condition. Lethargy in a toddler requires prompt evaluation and intervention to prevent further deterioration.