A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has a new plaster cast on her right arm. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Place a warm, moist heat pack on the cast.

Position the casted arm in a dependent position.

Move the casted arm with a firm grasp.

Administer diphenhydramine to relieve itching.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Place a warm, moist heat pack on the cast: Incorrect. Moisture can damage the integrity of a plaster cast, and heat can increase swelling.

B. Position the casted arm in a dependent position: Incorrect. Keeping the arm elevated helps reduce swelling and pain.

C. Move the casted arm with a firm grasp: Incorrect. A firm grasp can cause further injury or discomfort. It’s important to handle the casted limb gently.

D. Administer diphenhydramine to relieve itching: Correct. Itching is common under a new cast, and diphenhydramine can help manage this symptom without risking damage to the cast.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Drink eight glasses of fluid daily: Maintaining hydration is crucial in preventing sickle cell crises as it helps to keep the blood less viscous, reducing the risk of vaso-occlusion.

B. Maintain an updated haemophilus influenza type B immunization: While staying up to date on vaccinations is important, it is not specific to preventing sickle cell crises.

C. Assume postural drainage positions every 6 hr: This is more relevant for respiratory conditions like cystic fibrosis, not sickle cell anemia.

D. Avoid playground activities at school: Regular activity is beneficial, but avoiding extreme physical exertion is more relevant. Normal playground activities can usually be continued with proper hydration and caution.

A. Methylprednisolone B. Montelukast C. Albuterol D. Fluticasone

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Methylprednisolone: Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation in the airways. While effective in managing asthma, it has a slower onset of action and is used for longer-term management rather than immediate relief in acute situations.

B. Montelukast: Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for long-term control of asthma symptoms. It is not effective for immediate relief during an acute asthma attack because it takes time to exert its effects.

C. Albuterol: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist that provides rapid bronchodilation. It is the first-line medication for immediate relief of bronchospasm during an acute asthma attack, making it the most appropriate choice for immediate administration.

D. Fluticasone: Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid used for long-term asthma management and prevention of exacerbations. It is not suitable for immediate relief of an acute asthma attack as it does not act quickly enough to relieve bronchospasm.

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A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has a new plaster cast on her right arm. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

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