A nurse is caring for a patient experiencing pain related to a musculoskeletal disorder. Which statement about chronic pain is most accurate?
Chronic pain could cause restlessness, pacing, grimacing, and other facial expressions of pain.
Chronic pain is limited and short in duration.
A patient with chronic pain may have physical signs of tissue injury.
Chronic pain may not manifest in a change of vital signs.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Chronic pain can manifest in various behavioral and physical symptoms, including restlessness, pacing, grimacing, and other facial expressions of pain. These behaviors are often unconscious attempts to cope with or distract from the pain.
They may also reflect the emotional distress that often accompanies chronic pain. Patients may feel frustrated, anxious, or even depressed due to the persistent nature of their pain and its impact on their lives.
It's crucial for nurses to recognize these behavioral signs of pain, as patients may not always readily report their pain verbally. By observing these behaviors, nurses can assess the patient's pain level more accurately and provide appropriate interventions.
Choice B rationale:
Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists for longer than three months, often for much longer. It is not limited and short in duration.
This distinguishes it from acute pain, which is typically associated with an injury or illness and resolves within a few days or weeks.
Choice C rationale:
While some patients with chronic pain may have physical signs of tissue injury, this is not always the case. Chronic pain can also be caused by nerve damage, inflammation, or changes in the central nervous system.
In some cases, the underlying cause of chronic pain may be unknown.
Choice D rationale:
Although chronic pain may not always cause a significant change in vital signs, it can still be a very real and debilitating experience for patients.
Vital signs, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, are often more sensitive to acute pain.
Nurses should not rely solely on vital signs to assess chronic pain. Instead, they should consider the patient's self-report of pain, behavioral cues, and other factors.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Malnutrition is a risk factor for HAIs, but it is not a common cause. Malnutrition weakens the immune system, making it less able to fight off infection. However, malnutrition is not directly responsible for the introduction of pathogens into the body, which is a necessary step for the development of an HAI.
Choice C rationale:
Multiple caregivers can contribute to the spread of pathogens, but it is not a common cause of HAIs. When multiple caregivers are involved in a patient's care, there is a greater chance that one of them may be carrying a pathogen and transmit it to the patient. However, this is not the most common way that HAIs are spread.
Choice D rationale:
Chlorhexidine washes are actually used to prevent HAIs, not cause them. Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic that kills bacteria and other pathogens. It is often used to clean the skin before surgery or other invasive procedures.
Choice B rationale:
Urinary catheterization is a common cause of HAIs. A urinary catheter is a tube that is inserted into the bladder to drain urine. Catheters can introduce bacteria into the bladder, which can lead to urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs are the most common type of HAI.
Here are some of the reasons why urinary catheterization is a common cause of HAIs:
Catheters can introduce bacteria into the bladder. The catheter itself can act as a conduit for bacteria to enter the bladder. Bacteria can also enter the bladder around the catheter, where the catheter enters the urethra.
Catheters can irritate the bladder. This can make the bladder more susceptible to infection. Catheters can obstruct the flow of urine. This can allow bacteria to grow in the bladder.
Catheters can be difficult to keep clean. This can increase the risk of bacteria growing on the catheter and being introduced into the bladder.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Bilateral flank pain is not a typical sign of an allergic blood transfusion reaction. It can be associated with other conditions, such as kidney problems, musculoskeletal issues, or abdominal aortic aneurysm. While it's important to assess flank pain, it doesn't directly suggest an allergic reaction to the transfusion.
Choice B Rationale:
Distended jugular veins can indicate fluid overload, which could potentially occur during a transfusion. However, it's not a specific sign of an allergic reaction. Fluid overload can result from various causes, including heart failure, kidney problems, or excessive fluid intake. It's crucial to monitor for fluid overload during transfusions, but it doesn't definitively point to an allergic reaction.
Choice C Rationale:
Generalized urticaria, or hives, is a hallmark sign of an allergic reaction. It's characterized by raised, red, itchy welts that can appear on various parts of the body. Hives can develop rapidly and spread extensively. During a blood transfusion, generalized urticaria strongly suggests that the patient's immune system is reacting to a component of the transfused blood, such as proteins or antibodies.
Choice D Rationale:
Blood pressure 184/92 mm Hg is elevated and could be concerning, but it's not specific to allergic reactions. High blood pressure can have various causes, including stress, pain, anxiety, or underlying hypertension. While monitoring blood pressure during transfusions is essential, it doesn't directly indicate an allergic reaction.
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