A nurse is caring for a newborn whose mother is positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen. Which of the following treatments should the infant receive?

The hepatitis B vaccine is monthly until the newborn tests negative for the hepatitis B surface antigen

Hepatitis B immune globulin and the hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth

Hepatitis B immune globulin at 1 week followed by the hepatitis B vaccine monthly for 6 months

The hepatitis B vaccine at 24 hours followed by hepatitis B immune globulin every 12 hours for 3 days

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale:

Administering the hepatitis B vaccine monthly until the newborn tests negative for the hepatitis B surface antigen is not the appropriate treatment for a newborn whose mother is positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen. Immediate intervention is required to prevent transmission.
Choice B rationale:

The newborn of a mother who is positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen should receive hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and the hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth. HBIG provides passive immunity to the baby while the vaccine stimulates active immunity.
Choice C rationale:

Administering hepatitis B immune globulin for 1 week followed by the hepatitis B vaccine monthly for 6 months is not the correct treatment plan. Immediate intervention is necessary to prevent transmission to the newborn.
Choice D rationale:

Administering the hepatitis B vaccine at 24 hours followed by hepatitis B immune globulin every 12 hours for 3 days is not the appropriate treatment. Hepatitis B immune globulin should be given within 12 hours of birth, not over several days.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale: While smoking during pregnancy can have adverse effects on both the mother and the baby, it is not the most common risk factor for placental abruption.
Choice B rationale: Maternal battering, or experiencing domestic violence, can have serious consequences for the pregnant woman and her unborn baby, but it is not the most common risk factor for placental abruption.
Choice C rationale: Maternal cocaine use during pregnancy can lead to various complications, but it is not the most common risk factor for placental abruption.
Choice D rationale: Maternal hypertension is the most common risk factor for placental abruption. Placental abruption is a serious condition where the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery, leading to potential complications for both the mother and the baby. Hypertension can cause changes in blood vessels that increase the risk of placental abruption.

A. "This test determines if kernicterus will occur in the newborn." B. "This test detects Rh-positive antibodies in the mother's blood." C. "This test detects Rh-negative antibodies in a newborn who is Rh-positive." D. "This test determines the presence of maternal antibodies in the newborn's blood."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale: Kernicterus is a severe form of jaundice that can result from untreated hyperbilirubinemia in a newborn. The indirect Coombs test does not assess the risk of kernicterus specifically.
Choice B rationale: The indirect Coombs test detects Rh-negative antibodies in the mother's blood, not Rh-positive antibodies.
Choice C rationale: The indirect Coombs test, also known as the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT), is performed on a pregnant woman to detect the presence of Rh-negative antibodies in her blood. If the mother is Rh-negative and has been sensitized to Rh-positive blood, these antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the red blood cells of an Rh-positive fetus, potentially causing hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) or erythroblastosis fetalis.
Choice D rationale: The direct Coombs test (direct antiglobulin test) is used to detect the presence of maternal antibodies that have already been attached to the newborn's red blood cells. The indirect Coombs test is used to identify the presence of these antibodies in the mother's blood before they have attached to the newborn's red blood cells.

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A nurse is caring for a newborn whose mother is positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen. Which of the following treatments should the infant receive?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is at 34 weeks of gestation and at risk for placental abruption. The nurse recognizes that which of the following is the most common risk factor for a placental abruption?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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