A nurse is caring for a client who refuses treatment and asks to be discharged from the hospital against medical advice. The nurse notifies the client's provider, who tells the nurse to restrain the client, if necessary, to keep her from leaving the hospital. The nurse understands that restraining this client would be considered which type of civil action by the nurse?

A. The nurse is not responsible for obtaining informed consent. This is the responsibility of the healthcare provider performing the procedure, who must explain the risks, benefits, and alternatives to the client. The nurse may assist in ensuring the client has the necessary information, but the final responsibility for obtaining consent lies with the provider.

B. Explaining the risks and benefits of the procedure is part of the informed consent process.
The client needs to be informed about potential risks, benefits, and alternatives before giving consent.

C. This is correct. The nurse's role in the informed consent process is to witness the client's signature after the healthcare provider has explained the procedure, risks, and benefits. The nurse verifies that the client is signing voluntarily and understands the consent form, but the nurse does not provide the explanation.

D. Explaining the procedure to the client if they do not understand is essential for ensuring that the client has sufficient information to make an informed decision. This should be done in a clear and understandable manner.

A. Lactated Ringer's is a balanced electrolyte solution, but it contains sodium in a similar concentration to normal serum levels. It is not appropriate for a client with hypernatremia, as it could further increase their sodium levels.
B. 0.45% sodium chloride, also known as half-normal saline, is a hypotonic solution with a lower concentration of sodium than normal serum levels. It can help to lower the sodium levels in a client with hypernatremia by diluting the excess sodium in the body.
C. Dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride is a hypertonic solution that contains both dextrose and sodium. It would not be appropriate for a client with hypernatremia, as it could exacerbate the condition.
D. Dextrose 10% in water is a hypertonic solution with a high concentration of dextrose.
It does not contain sodium, but it is still a hypertonic solution and not appropriate for a client with hypernatremia.