A nurse is caring for a client who is confused and uncooperative. The client hit the nurse when they attempted to give them their medication. The nurse asks the charge nurse if she can apply restraints on the client. The charge nurse should explain to the nurse this action is a violation of the client’s rights and is an example of which tort?

We know:

• The prescribed dose is 25 mg.
• The available concentration is 125 mg per 5 mL.

Step 2 is to set up the calculation.

We will use the formula: (Desired Dose in mL) = (Prescribed Dose in mg × Volume Available in mL) ÷ Concentration Available in mg

Step 3 is to plug in the values into the formula.

(Desired Dose in mL) = (25 mg × 5 mL) ÷ 125 mg

Step 4 is to perform the multiplication first.

25 mg × 5 mL = 125

Step 5 is to perform the division.

125 ÷ 125 mg = 1 mL

Step 6 is the result.

The nurse should administer 1 mL per dose.

Choice A Reason:

The client’s immediate family members may not always have the right to access the client’s protected health information (PHI) unless the client has given explicit consent. Confidentiality laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States, are designed to protect the privacy of patients’ health information. These laws generally require that PHI be shared only with individuals who are directly involved in the patient’s care or who have been authorized by the patient. Therefore, while family members may be involved in the patient’s care, they do not automatically have the right to access PHI without the patient’s consent.

Choice B Reason:

The facility’s administrators typically do not need access to a specific client’s PHI unless it is necessary for administrative purposes related to the patient’s care or for compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Administrators are generally more involved in the overall management and operation of the healthcare facility rather than in the direct care of individual patients. Sharing PHI with administrators without a valid reason could violate confidentiality laws and the patient’s right to privacy.

Choice C Reason:

Health care team members caring for the client are directly involved in the patient’s care and, therefore, have a legitimate need to access the client’s PHI. This includes doctors, nurses, therapists, and other healthcare professionals who are providing treatment, coordinating care, or ensuring the patient’s well-being. Sharing PHI with these individuals is essential for delivering safe and effective care, and it is permitted under confidentiality laws such as HIPAA.

Choice D Reason:

Clergy affiliated with the facility may provide spiritual support to patients, but they do not typically have a legitimate need to access the client’s PHI unless the patient has given explicit consent. While spiritual care is an important aspect of holistic healthcare, it does not require access to detailed medical information. Therefore, sharing PHI with clergy without the patient’s consent would generally be considered a violation of confidentiality laws.