A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been told it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?

"Metastasis means a group of abnormal kidney cells is localized to a single location."

"Metastasis occurs when cancerous growths are located in the kidneys and also another part of the body."

"Metastasis occurs when cancer cells grow until they run out of space and stop growing."

"Metastasis is when a group of kidney cells have changed to more closely resemble intestinal cells."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "Metastasis means a group of abnormal kidney cells is localized to a single location.": This describes a localized or primary tumor, not metastasis. Metastasis refers specifically to the spread of cancer cells beyond the original site.
B. "Metastasis occurs when cancerous growths are located in the kidneys and also another part of the body.": Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells break away from the original tumor and spread through the blood or lymphatic system to distant organs. It indicates the presence of secondary tumors outside the kidney.
C. "Metastasis occurs when cancer cells grow until they run out of space and stop growing.": Cancer cells do not stop growing when space runs out; they continue to grow uncontrollably. This statement does not accurately reflect the meaning or mechanism of metastasis.
D. "Metastasis is when a group of kidney cells have changed to more closely resemble intestinal cells.": This describes metaplasia, not metastasis. Metaplasia is a change in cell type due to chronic irritation, not the spread of cancer.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. High altitude travel: Clients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may experience worsened symptoms due to decreased oxygen levels and environmental stressors at higher altitudes. This can exacerbate fatigue, muscle weakness, and other MS symptoms.
B. Working in an office: This is unlikely to worsen MS symptoms, as working in a controlled environment like an office does not have the same physical stressors as high altitudes or extreme temperatures.
C. Flying: While flying may involve changes in air pressure and cabin conditions, it is less likely to worsen MS symptoms significantly compared to high altitude travel.
D. Sunbathing: Sun exposure can potentially worsen symptoms due to overheating, but it is generally less impactful than environmental factors like high altitude. However, overheating can be a concern in MS patients.

A. "Blood flow is altered and causes blood to pool in the legs." B. "Blood flow is altered due to atherosclerosis affecting the tissues' ability to receive oxygen-rich blood." C. "Blood flow is altered due to excessive stretching of the ventricles impairing the heart to contract D. "Blood flow is altered due to incompetent valves causing increased venous pressure."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "Blood flow is altered and causes blood to pool in the legs. This statement describes venous insufficiency rather than peripheral arterial disease. In peripheral arterial disease, the problem is inadequate arterial blood flow to the extremities, rather than blood pooling.
B. "Blood flow is altered due to atherosclerosis affecting the tissues' ability to receive oxygen-rich blood." Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis, where plaque buildup in the arteries restricts blood flow, leading to reduced oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues. This results in symptoms like claudication and delayed wound healing.
C. "Blood flow is altered due to excessive stretching of the ventricles impairing the heart to contract."
This explanation is related to heart failure, particularly dilated cardiomyopathy, and not PAD. PAD specifically affects the peripheral arteries, not the heart's pumping ability.
D. "Blood flow is altered due to incompetent valves causing increased venous pressure."
This statement reflects the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency, not PAD. In PAD, the issue lies in narrowed or blocked arteries, not valve function in veins.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been told it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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