A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes insipidus.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Choice A rationale:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic medical condition that occurs when the pancreas, an organ in the abdomen, produces very little or no insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body to use glucose for energy. Glucose is a sugar that comes, in large part, from foods we eat. Insulin allows glucose to enter cells in the body. Therefore, if a client with type 1 diabetes refuses breakfast and requests to sleep, it could lead to hypoglycemia, a condition characterized by abnormally low blood glucose levels. Hypoglycemia can cause symptoms such as weakness, sweating, confusion, and in severe cases, unconsciousness or seizures. It is a medical emergency and should be reported immediately.

Choice B rationale:

Trimming a toenail may seem like a simple task, but for a person with diabetes, it can lead to serious complications. Diabetes can cause nerve damage that leads to numbness in the feet, making it difficult for a person to feel a cut, blister, or sore. These injuries can become infected and lead to serious complications, such as the need for amputation. However, this situation is not as immediately life-threatening as hypoglycemia and does not need to be reported immediately.

Choice C rationale:

Dark yellow urine can be a sign of dehydration, which can be a concern for individuals with diabetes. However, it can also be a result of less serious causes such as certain medications, foods, or simply not drinking enough fluids. While it’s important for the AP to encourage the client to drink more fluids, this situation is not as immediately life-threatening as hypoglycemia.

Choice D rationale:

Dizziness when standing, also known as orthostatic hypotension, can be a side effect of some medications used to treat diabetes. It can also be a symptom of dehydration or other conditions. While it’s important for the AP to monitor the client’s symptoms and report any changes, this situation is not as immediately life-threatening as hypoglycemia

Choice A rationale:

Constipation is not typically associated with hyperthyroidism. In fact, one of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism is increased bowel movement. This is due to the increased metabolic rate caused by the overproduction of hormones from the thyroid gland.

Choice B rationale:

Weight gain is not a common symptom of hyperthyroidism. On the contrary, weight loss is one of the symptoms of this condition. This is because hyperthyroidism speeds up the body’s metabolism, causing increased calorie burning and significant weight loss. Choice C rationale:

Sensitivity to cold is not a symptom of hyperthyroidism. Instead, individuals with hyperthyroidism often have an increased sensitivity to heat. This is due to the increased metabolic rate which can cause excessive sweating and hot flashes.

Choice D rationale:

Frequent mood changes are a common symptom of hyperthyroidism. The overproduction of hormones by the thyroid gland can lead to symptoms such as irritability and restlessness. Additionally, other symptoms such as difficulty sleeping can also contribute to mood changes.