A nurse is caring for a client who has cholecystitis with cholelithiasis and obstruction of the common bile duct. The nurse should expect the client's urine to appear which of the following colors?

Pale yellow

Red

Greenish-brown

Dark and concentrated

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Pale yellow is the normal color of urine, indicating adequate hydration and no bilirubin in the urine. Bilirubin is a pigment that is produced when red blood cells are broken down. It is normally excreted in the bile, but if the bile duct is obstructed, it can accumulate in the blood and urine, causing jaundice and dark urine.

Choice B reason: Red urine can indicate blood in the urine, which can be caused by various conditions such as urinary tract infection, kidney stones, trauma, or cancer. It is not related to bile duct obstruction or cholecystitis.

Choice C reason: Greenish-brown urine can indicate bilirubin in the urine, which can be caused by bile duct obstruction or liver disease. It is a sign of cholestasis, which is a reduced or stopped flow of bile. The nurse should monitor the client for other signs of cholestasis such as jaundice, clay-colored stools, pruritus, and abdominal pain.

Choice D reason: Dark and concentrated urine can indicate dehydration, which can be caused by various factors such as fluid loss, fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. It is not related to bile duct obstruction or cholecystitis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: MRI is not a diagnostic procedure for Barrett esophagus. MRI is a type of imaging test that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed pictures of the internal organs and tissues. It is mainly used to diagnose problems in the brain, spine, joints, and blood vessels.

Choice B reason: EGD is a diagnostic procedure for Barrett esophagus. EGD is a type of endoscopy that uses a flexible tube with a light and a camera to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It can detect changes in the lining of the esophagus that may indicate Barrett esophagus, a condition where the normal squamous cells are replaced by columnar cells due to chronic acid exposure.

Choice C reason: Colonoscopy is not a diagnostic procedure for Barrett esophagus. Colonoscopy is a type of endoscopy that uses a flexible tube with a light and a camera to examine the colon and rectum. It is mainly used to screen for colorectal cancer and polyps, as well as to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease and other conditions affecting the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Choice D reason: CT scan is not a diagnostic procedure for Barrett esophagus. CT scan is a type of imaging test that uses X-rays and a computer to create cross-sectional pictures of the body. It is mainly used to diagnose problems in the chest, abdomen, pelvis, and bones.

A. Fried chicken B. Nonfat milk C. Bananas D. Oatmeal

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Fried chicken is a food that the nurse should tell the client to avoid eating. Fried chicken is high in fat, which can trigger or worsen the symptoms of GERD. Fat can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, which is the muscle that prevents the stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. Fat can also delay the stomach emptying, which can increase the pressure and acid production in the stomach.

Choice B reason: Nonfat milk is not a food that the nurse should tell the client to avoid eating. Nonfat milk is low in fat, which can help prevent or reduce the symptoms of GERD. Nonfat milk can also provide calcium and protein, which are essential nutrients for the client's health.

Choice C reason: Bananas are not a food that the nurse should tell the client to avoid eating. Bananas are low in acid, which can help neutralize the stomach acid and soothe the esophagus. Bananas are also rich in fiber, which can promote digestion and prevent constipation.

Choice D reason: Oatmeal is not a food that the nurse should tell the client to avoid eating. Oatmeal is a whole grain that is low in fat and high in fiber, which can help prevent or reduce the symptoms of GERD. Oatmeal can also absorb the excess acid in the stomach and prevent it from refluxing into the esophagus.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has cholecystitis with cholelithiasis and obstruction of the common bile duct. The nurse should expect the client's urine to appear which of the following colors?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The client asks about foods he should avoid eating. Which of the following foods should the nurse tell him to avoid?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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