A nurse is caring for a client who has AIDS. Which of the following isolation precautions should the nurse implement?
Droplet precautions
Standard precautions
Airborne precautions
Contact precautions
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Droplet precautions are used for diseases that are transmitted through large respiratory droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, or talking. AIDS, caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), is not transmitted through respiratory droplets, so droplet precautions are not necessary for a client with AIDS.
Choice B reason: Standard precautions are the primary strategy for the prevention of infection transmission and apply to all patients receiving care in hospitals, regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status. These precautions include hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves and gowns, and safe injection practices. Since HIV/AIDS can be transmitted through blood and certain body fluids, standard precautions are essential when caring for clients with AIDS.
Choice C reason: Airborne precautions are used for diseases that are transmitted by small droplet nuclei that remain suspended in the air and can be widely dispersed by air currents within a room or over a long distance. HIV/AIDS is not transmitted through the airborne route, so airborne precautions are not indicated for clients with AIDS.
Choice D reason: Contact precautions are used for infections that are spread by direct contact with the patient or indirect contact with surfaces or patient care items. While HIV can be present in body fluids, it is not easily transmitted through casual contact. Therefore, contact precautions are not specifically required for clients with AIDS unless they have other conditions that warrant such precautions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Checking the pulse distal to the graft is essential to ensure that the graft is patent and that there is adequate blood flow to the distal extremity. A palpable pulse indicates that the graft is functioning properly and not occluded. The absence of a pulse could signify a serious complication, such as thrombosis or stenosis, which requires immediate attention.
Choice B reason: Keeping the left forearm below the level of the heart is not recommended as it can increase venous pressure and swelling, potentially compromising graft function. The extremity should be kept at or above heart level to promote venous return and reduce the risk of edema.
Choice C reason: Collecting blood specimens from the graft is generally avoided to prevent damage to the graft. Blood draws can be performed from other sites to protect the integrity of the graft.
Choice D reason: Splinting the left forearm is not a standard postoperative care measure for an arteriovenous graft. While protecting the graft from injury is important, immobilization with a splint is not necessary and can impede mobility and circulation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Asking if the client feels like they have food stuck at the base of their throat is a pertinent question for assessing swallowing in a client with oral achalasia. Achalasia is characterized by difficulty in swallowing due to the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, leading to a sensation of food being stuck.
Choice B reason: While burning sensations in the throat can be associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), they are not specific to achalasia. However, some clients with achalasia may experience similar symptoms due to food stasis and fermentation in the esophagus.
Choice C reason: Feelings of fullness in the neck are not a typical symptom of achalasia. Achalasia primarily affects the esophagus and does not usually cause a sensation of fullness in the neck.
Choice D reason: Pain while swallowing, or odynophagia, can occur in achalasia but is more commonly associated with conditions that cause inflammation or irritation of the esophagus, such as infections or ingestion of irritants.
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