A nurse is caring for a client who has a small-bore jejunostomy tube and is receiving a continuous tube feeding with a high-viscosity formula. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent the tubing from clogging?

A) "I will eat chicken with the skin": Consuming chicken with the skin can increase saturated fat intake, which is not beneficial for heart health. The skin of poultry is high in saturated fat and cholesterol, which can contribute to elevated levels of LDL cholesterol, increasing the risk of heart disease. Therefore, this statement does not demonstrate an understanding of heart-healthy dietary choices.

B) "I will choose whole grain bread": This statement demonstrates an understanding of heart-healthy dietary choices. Whole grain bread is a good source of dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and it is lower in saturated fat and cholesterol compared to refined grain products. Consuming whole grains can help lower cholesterol levels, reduce the risk of heart disease, and promote overall cardiovascular health.

C) "I should use butter for cooking vegetables": Using butter for cooking vegetables can increase saturated fat intake, which is not recommended for individuals with heart disease. High intake of saturated fats can raise LDL cholesterol levels and increase the risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, this statement does not demonstrate an understanding of heart-healthy dietary choices.

D) "I should decrease my sodium intake to 3.2 grams per day": While reducing sodium intake is important for individuals with heart disease to manage blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, the recommended daily intake of sodium for most adults is less than 2.3 grams per day (equivalent to 2,300 milligrams). Some individuals, particularly those with hypertension or heart disease, may benefit from further reducing sodium intake to 1.5 grams per day. Therefore, the statement regarding sodium intake does not align with current dietary recommendations.

A) Increased glucose levels would not typically be considered a positive outcome of following a Mediterranean diet and exercising to manage cardiovascular disease. In fact, the goal of such interventions is often to improve glycemic control and reduce blood sugar levels, so an increase in glucose levels would be undesirable.

B) Increased HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels would be considered a positive outcome of the client's interventions. HDL is often referred to as "good" cholesterol ’ecause it helps remove LDL (low-density lipop“otei”) cholesterol from the arteries, thus reducing the risk of heart disease. A Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats like those found in olive oil, combined with regular exercise, can lead to increased HDL levels.

C) Increased LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels would not typically be considered a positive outcome of following a Mediterranean diet and exercising to manage cardiovascular disease. LDL cholesterol is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because high levels can lead to plaque buildup “n t”e arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease. The goal of lifestyle interventions in managing cardiovascular disease is often to reduce LDL levels.

D) Increased triglyceride levels would not typically be considered a positive outcome of following a Mediterranean diet and exercising to manage cardiovascular disease. High triglyceride levels are associated with an increased risk of heart disease. A Mediterranean diet, which typically includes foods low in saturated fats and high in unsaturated fats, can help lower triglyceride levels when combined with regular exercise.