A nurse is planning a mechanical soft diet for a client who has difficulty chewing. Which of the following foods should the nurse plan to include on the client's meal tray?

Peas

Dried apricots

Canned pears

Cashews

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Peas are not a good choice for a mechanical soft diet, as they are small and round and can pose a choking hazard. Peas also require some chewing to break them down, which may be difficult for the client.

Choice B reason: Dried apricots are not a good choice for a mechanical soft diet, as they are hard and sticky and can damage the teeth or dentures. Dried apricots also require a lot of chewing to swallow them, which may be painful or tiring for the client.

Choice C reason: Canned pears are a good choice for a mechanical soft diet, as they are soft and moist and can be easily mashed with a fork. Canned pears do not require much chewing and can be swallowed smoothly.

Choice D reason: Cashews are not a good choice for a mechanical soft diet, as they are hard and crunchy and can injure the gums or oral mucosa. Cashews also require a lot of chewing and can get stuck in the teeth or dentures.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: A low-protein diet is essential for clients who have PKU, as they cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. High levels of phenylalanine can cause intellectual disability and other neurological problems. A low-protein diet should be started before pregnancy and maintained throughout pregnancy to prevent fetal harm.

Choice B reason: Serum bilirubin is not related to PKU. It is a product of red blood cell breakdown and is elevated in conditions such as jaundice, liver disease, or hemolytic anemia. It does not need to be monitored routinely in clients who have PKU.

Choice C reason: Diet sodas are not recommended for clients who have PKU, as they often contain artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, which is a source of phenylalanine. Diet sodas should be avoided completely or consumed very sparingly by clients who have PKU.

Choice D reason: Breastfeeding will not prevent the baby from developing PKU, as PKU is a genetic disorder that is inherited from both parents. If both parents have PKU, the baby will have a 100% chance of having PKU. If one parent has PKU and the other is a carrier, the baby will have a 50% chance of having PKU. If one parent has PKU and the other is not a carrier, the baby will not have PKU but will be a carrier. Breastfeeding may provide some benefits for the baby, such as immunity and bonding, but it will not affect the baby's PKU status.

A. Sip fluids slowly throughout the day. B. Consume foods that are served cold. C. Sit up for 1 hr after eating meals. D. Limit use of antiemetics until after first emesis. E. Eat foods low in carbohydrates.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Sipping fluids slowly throughout the day can help prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, which can worsen nausea and vomiting. Fluids also help flush out the toxins from the chemotherapy and reduce the risk of kidney damage¹².

Choice B reason: Consuming foods that are served cold can help reduce the stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), which is responsible for triggering nausea and vomiting. Cold foods also have less odor and taste, which can be unpleasant for some clients with CINV³⁴.

Choice C reason: Sitting up for 1 hr after eating meals can help prevent reflux and aspiration, which can cause more nausea and vomiting. Sitting up can also promote gastric emptying and digestion.

Choice D reason: Limiting the use of antiemetics until after the first emesis is not a recommended practice, as it can make nausea and vomiting more difficult to control. Antiemetics should be given before, during, and after chemotherapy, according to the emetogenic potential of the agents and the client's individual response.

Choice E reason: Eating foods low in carbohydrates is not a helpful strategy for CINV, as carbohydrates can provide energy and prevent hypoglycemia, which can also cause nausea and vomiting. Carbohydrates can also help settle the stomach and reduce acid production.

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A nurse is planning a mechanical soft diet for a client who has difficulty chewing. Which of the following foods should the nurse plan to include on the client's meal tray?

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