A nurse is caring for a client who has a respiratory illness that has resulted in chronic hypoxia. Which of these conditions can develop as a result of long-term hypoxia?

Cardiac enlargement

Exophthalmos

Gastric ulcerations

Urinary tract infections

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Cardiac enlargement: Chronic hypoxia leads to increased workload on the heart as it works harder to deliver oxygen to tissues. This can result in cardiac enlargement or right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension, a common consequence of long-term hypoxia.

B. Exophthalmos: Exophthalmos is protrusion of the eyes and is typically associated with thyroid disorders, such as Graves' disease, rather than chronic hypoxia.

C. Gastric ulcerations: While stress and certain medications can lead to gastric ulcerations, they are not directly caused by chronic hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia mainly affects the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems.

D. Urinary tract infections: Chronic hypoxia does not typically lead to urinary tract infections. UTIs are more commonly associated with factors such as poor hygiene, urinary obstruction, or immunosuppression.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Dyspnea: Shortness of breath is a common and significant symptom of COPD, resulting from the narrowing of airways and difficulty in expelling air.

B. Chronic cough: A persistent cough, often productive, is a hallmark of COPD. It is typically a response to chronic irritation and inflammation of the airways.

C. Wheezing: Wheezing is a common symptom of COPD due to the constriction of airways and turbulent airflow through narrowed airways.

D. Sputum production: Increased sputum production is common in COPD, especially in chronic bronchitis type of COPD, where inflammation leads to excess mucus production.

E. Chest tightness: While chest tightness can occur in COPD, it is less commonly emphasized compared to the other symptoms listed. The primary symptoms are generally more focused on dyspnea, cough, wheezing, and sputum production.

A. Respiratory alkalosis B. Increased venous return C. Decreased cardiac output D. Dilated ventricles

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Respiratory alkalosis: Respiratory alkalosis is generally associated with hyperventilation and is not directly caused by tension pneumothorax. In tension pneumothorax, the primary issues are related to pressure changes within the thoracic cavity, not respiratory alkalosis.

B. Increased venous return: In tension pneumothorax, venous return is actually decreased due to the increased intrathoracic pressure compressing the great vessels, which impedes blood flow back to the heart.

C. Decreased cardiac output: Tension pneumothorax causes a significant increase in intrathoracic pressure, leading to compression of the heart and great vessels, which results in decreased venous return and ultimately decreased cardiac output. This is a critical and life-threatening consequence of tension pneumothorax.

D. Dilated ventricles: Dilated ventricles are more commonly seen in chronic heart conditions such as heart failure, rather than in acute tension pneumothorax. Tension pneumothorax typically results in reduced ventricular filling rather than dilation.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has a respiratory illness that has resulted in chronic hypoxia. Which of these conditions can develop as a result of long-term hypoxia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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