A nurse is caring for a client who follows a lacto-vegetarian diet. Which of the following food choices should the nurse recommend?

Choice A Reason:

Hyperkalemia is incorrect. Vomiting and diarrhea typically lead to a loss of potassium rather than an increase. These conditions often result in depletion of electrolytes, including potassium, due to the loss of fluids.

Choice B Reason:

Hypocalcemia is correct. While prolonged or severe diarrhea could potentially lead to some electrolyte imbalances, hypocalcemia is not typically a primary finding associated with vomiting and diarrhea. Calcium levels may not be significantly affected by these symptoms compared to sodium and potassium.

Choice C Reason:

Hypermagnesemia is incorrect. Similar to calcium, magnesium levels are not usually significantly impacted by vomiting and diarrhea alone. Hypermagnesemia is more commonly associated with excessive intake of magnesium-containing medications or renal dysfunction rather than acute gastrointestinal symptoms.

In a client experiencing vomiting and diarrhea, the loss of fluids and electrolytes due to these symptoms commonly leads to:

Choice D Reason:

Hyponatremia is correct. Vomiting and diarrhea can cause a loss of sodium and water, leading to decreased sodium levels in the blood, which manifests as hyponatremia. This electrolyte imbalance is a typical finding in individuals experiencing gastrointestinal issues with fluid loss.

Choice A Reason:

"Aren't you interested in learning how to perform this test?" is incorrect. This response might come across as accusatory or judgmental, potentially making the client feel uncomfortable or defensive, further hindering communication.

Choice B Reason:

"Let's talk about what you're thinking." Is correct. This response acknowledges the client's distraction and aims to understand and address their thoughts or concerns that might be hindering their focus. It invites the client to express any worries or questions they might have, allowing the nurse to provide reassurance or clarification.

Choice C Reason:

"I'll discuss this with your partner instead." Is incorrect. Redirecting the conversation to the client's partner without understanding the client's concerns directly could undermine the client's autonomy and miss the opportunity to address their needs.

Choice D Reason:

"Is this something you think you can do?" is incorrect. While this question aims to assess the client's confidence, it might not effectively address the underlying reason for the client's distraction or encourage open communication about their concerns.