A nurse is caring for a client at an outpatient clinic.

For each assessment finding, click to specify if the finding is consistent with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or multiple sclerosis (MS). Each finding may support more than 1 disease process or none at all. There must be at least 1 selection in every column. There does not need to be a selection in every row.

Genitourinary findings

Report about gait

Vision disturbance

Energy level

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"B"},"B":{"answers":"A,B"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"B"}}

Rationale

• Genitourinary findings: Intermittent sensations of "squeezing or spasm" in the bladder or urinary tract are typical in multiple sclerosis due to autonomic nervous system involvement and demyelination affecting bladder control. These symptoms are less common in ALS, which primarily affects motor neurons without early autonomic involvement.

• Report about gait: Episodes of leg weakness and balance issues can occur in both ALS and MS. ALS causes progressive motor weakness affecting gait due to upper and lower motor neuron degeneration. MS can cause intermittent gait disturbances from demyelination in the central nervous system, often with exacerbations and remissions.

• Vision disturbance: Intermittent double vision is consistent with MS, reflecting demyelination of cranial nerves or the optic pathways. Visual symptoms, including diplopia or optic neuritis, are hallmark early signs of MS. ALS typically does not involve vision, making this symptom specific to MS.

• Energy level: Fatigue lasting more than 4 months aligns with MS, which frequently causes persistent fatigue due to both neurological dysfunction and immune-mediated inflammation. ALS may lead to fatigue later in disease progression, but early chronic fatigue is more characteristic of MS.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Offer high-calorie, high-protein snacks to the client: Providing nutrient-dense snacks helps address nutritional deficits caused by decreased appetite in depression. High-calorie, high-protein foods can improve energy levels, support overall health, and help prevent weight loss, which is a common concern in clients with depression.

B. Encourage the client to eat foods selected by the dietitian: While following a dietitian’s plan is beneficial, clients with depression and poor appetite may be resistant to structured meal plans. Offering flexible, appealing snacks is more practical and effective for ensuring adequate intake.

C. Weigh the client once each day: Daily weighing can be stressful or discouraging for clients with depression and may not directly improve nutritional intake. Weight monitoring is important but is secondary to actively supporting adequate nutrition through appealing foods.

D. Recommend the family provide the client privacy during meals: Privacy during meals may be helpful for some clients, but clients with depression often require encouragement, social support, and practical assistance to eat. Simply providing privacy may not address the underlying lack of appetite or insufficient nutrient intake.

Correct Answer is ["1.5"]

Explanation

Calculation:

Identify the ordered dose and available concentration

Ordered Dose: 30 mg

Available Concentration: 100 mg/5 mL

Calculate the volume to administer

Volume to administer = (Ordered Dose ÷ Concentration) × Volume of Concentration

Volume to administer = (30 ÷ 100) × 5

Volume to administer = 0.3 × 5

Volume to administer = 1.5 mL

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has depression and is experiencing loss of appetite. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer morphine 30 mg oral suspension to a client. The amount available is morphine 100 mg/5mL oral solution. How many mi should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Correct Answer is ["1.5"]

Explanation

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