A nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). The nurse should recognize that which of the following accurately describes Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)?
(Select All that Apply.)

DMD is an inherited X-linked recessive trait

Most Clients with DMD are wheelchair dependent by age 12

The disease leads to progressive muscle degeneration.

Clients with DMD are never able to ambulate independently.

Disease progression always requires hospitalization

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C

A.   Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene, which is X-linked, meaning it is passed down from carrier mothers to affected sons. It primarily affects boys.
B.   Children with DMD usually lose the ability to walk by the age of 12 due to progressive muscle weakness.
C.   DMD is characterized by the progressive degeneration and weakness of the skeletal muscles, leading to loss of function over time.
D.   While most children with DMD will become wheelchair-bound, some may be able to ambulate independently until the early teenage years, before losing the ability to walk.
E.   Hospitalization is not always required for DMD. Treatment may include outpatient therapies and management of symptoms. The need for hospitalization depends on complications.

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Correct Answer is ["C","D","E","F"]

Explanation

A. Pyloric stenosis is unrelated to TOF. It involves the narrowing of the pyloric valve in the stomach and is not a defect associated with TOF.
B. LVH is not typically a feature of TOF, as the primary issues affect the right ventricle.
C. Right ventricular hypertrophy occurs due to the obstruction of blood flow through the pulmonary valve in TOF.
D. In TOF, the aorta is positioned directly over the ventricular septal defect (VSD), which is known as overriding aorta.
E. A VSD is a key component of TOF, where there is a hole between the ventricles, allowing oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood to mix.
F. Pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve) is one of the hallmark defects in TOF.

A. Temperature of the cast B. Skin integrity around the cast C. Range of motion of the affected limb D. Child's pain level

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The temperature of the cast is important to check for heat retention but is not the first priority for infection control.
B. Assessing skin integrity around the cast is a priority to detect signs of infection, irritation, or pressure sores.
C. Range of motion is important but should be assessed once the skin and safety around the cast are ensured.
D. While pain level is important, ensuring skin integrity is a higher priority for preventing complications such as infection.

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A nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). The nurse should recognize that which of the following accurately describes Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)? (Select All that Apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a preschool client who has Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). What are the defects the nurse should be aware of when caring for a client with Teratology of Fallot (TOF)? (Select all that apply).

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E","F"]

Explanation

A child with a cast is at risk for complications. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse prioritize in ensuring safety and infection control?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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A nurse is providing care for an infant with new casts for the treatment of club foot. Which intervention is appropriate in promoting the infant's comfort and preventing complications?

A nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). The nurse should recognize that which of the following accurately describes Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)?
(Select All that Apply.)