A nurse is caring for a child who has dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Hct 45%.
Urine specific gravity 1.035.
Capillary refill less than 2 seconds.
Urine output 35 ml/hr.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
Hct 45% (Choice A) refers to the hematocrit level, which measures the proportion of blood volume occupied by red blood cells. While dehydration can lead to elevated hematocrit due to hemoconcentration, a hematocrit value of 45% is within the normal range for both males and females. Dehydration might cause a mild increase, but more significant elevations would be expected in cases of severe dehydration.
Choice B rationale:
Urine specific gravity 1.035 (Choice B) is an indicator of concentrated urine, which is a characteristic finding in dehydration. Dehydration reduces the body's water content, leading to more concentrated urine with higher specific gravity values. A normal range for urine-specific gravity is typically between 1.005 and 1.030.
Choice C rationale:
Capillary refill of less than 2 seconds (Choice C) is not a finding consistent with dehydration. Capillary refill time measures the time it takes for color to return to the nailbed after pressure is applied. Prolonged capillary refill time might indicate poor peripheral perfusion, which can be a sign of dehydration, but a refill time of less than 2 seconds is considered within the normal range.
Choice D rationale:
A urine output of 35 ml/hr (Choice D) is not indicative of dehydration. In fact, a urine output of 35 ml/hr is relatively normal and suggests adequate fluid intake and hydration. Dehydration would typically result in reduced urine output as the body conserves water.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Headache is an expected finding in a school-age child with bacterial meningitis. Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, and the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, often caused by bacteria. The inflammatory process can lead to increased intracranial pressure, which commonly presents as a headache. This headache is often severe and can be accompanied by other symptoms like fever, irritability, and sensitivity to light.
Choice B rationale:
A negative Kernig sign is a possible finding in a school-age child with bacterial meningitis. Kernig sign is a clinical test performed to assess for meningitis. A positive Kernig sign is characterized by resistance and pain in extending the knee when the hip is flexed at a 90-degree angle. However, a negative Kernig sign does not rule out meningitis, as it might not always be present.
Choice C rationale:
Vomiting is an expected finding in a school-age child with bacterial meningitis. The increase in intracranial pressure due to inflammation of the meninges can lead to nausea and vomiting. The vomiting is often projectile and may not be relieved by eating or drinking.
Choice D rationale:
Seizures are an expected finding in a school-age child with bacterial meningitis. The inflammation of the brain and meninges can irritate the brain tissue and trigger seizures. Seizures in the context of bacterial meningitis might be generalized or focal in nature.
Choice E rationale:
Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) is not a typical finding associated with bacterial meningitis. The main symptoms of bacterial meningitis are related to the central nervous system and meningeal irritation, such as headache, fever, neck stiffness, and neurological changes. Tinnitus is not a common manifestation of bacterial meningitis and is not part of the typical clinical picture.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Popcorn can be problematic for a child with Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease is characterized by inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, and certain high-fiber foods like popcorn can exacerbate symptoms, causing discomfort and potential irritation of the intestinal lining.
Choice B rationale:
Hot dogs are typically high in fat and can be difficult to digest, which can trigger symptoms in a child with Crohn's disease. Additionally, processed meats like hot dogs might contain additives that could worsen inflammation in the digestive tract.
Choice C rationale:
Dried apricots are also not the best choice for a child with Crohn's disease. Dried fruits are concentrated sources of fiber and can be tough on the digestive system, potentially leading to abdominal pain and diarrhea in individuals with inflamed intestines.
Choice D rationale:
Plain yogurt is a suitable food choice for a child with Crohn's disease. It is a good source of protein and calcium and contains probiotics that can promote gut health. Probiotics may help regulate the digestive system and alleviate some symptoms associated with Crohn's disease. However, individual tolerances may vary, so it's important to monitor the child's response to yogurt.
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