A nurse is assisting in the admission of a client who had recently given birth and is presenting to the emergency department with acute opioid toxicity. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Choice A reason:

If the parent states, "My child uses scissors to cut out the outline of an object,” this indicates fine motor skills development. While this is a positive milestone, it is not specific to the expected benchmarks of other preschoolers in this age group. The ability to cut out shapes with scissors varies widely among preschoolers.

Choice B reason:

"My child can copy triangle shapes onto paper.” This statement shows that the child can demonstrate some level of visual-motor coordination and fine motor skills. Copying shapes like triangles is a common milestone for many preschoolers at the age of 3 and is considered an expected benchmark.

Choice C reason:

If the parent says, "My child can ride a tricycle,” this indicates gross motor skills development. Riding a tricycle is also a milestone achieved by many preschoolers, but it may not be as specific to the expected benchmarks of this age group as choice B, which focuses on fine motor skills and visual-motor coordination.

Choice D reason:

If the parent mentions, "My child can throw a ball overhead,” this also points to gross motor skills development. While throwing a ball overhead is an impressive skill for a 3-year-old, it may not be as common or consistent among all preschoolers in this age group as the ability to copy triangle shapes onto paper (choice B).

Abdominal distention. Choice A reason:

Abdominal distention is a common manifestation of Hirschsprung's disease in infants. This condition is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal segment of the colon, leading to a functional obstruction. The absence of ganglion cells causes the affected part of the colon to become narrow and unable to relax, resulting in a buildup of stool and gas, leading to abdominal distention.

Choice B reason:

Steatorrhea, which is the presence of fatty, bulky, and foul-smelling stools, is not typically associated with Hirschsprung's disease. This manifestation is more commonly seen in conditions affecting the pancreas, liver, or small intestine, where the digestion and absorption of fats are impaired.

Choice C reason:

Blood-tinged emesis (vomiting) is not a typical manifestation of Hirschsprung's disease. This symptom is more commonly associated with gastrointestinal bleeding, which can be caused by various factors such as ulcers, esophageal varices, or gastritis.

Choice D reason:

Dysphagia, which refers to difficulty swallowing, is also not a characteristic manifestation of Hirschsprung's disease. Dysphagia is more commonly seen in conditions affecting the esophagus or throat, such as esophageal strictures or neurological disorders affecting swallowing reflexes.