A nurse is assigned care of a patient who has HIV.
Which of the following infection control precautions should the nurse plan to use while caring for this patient?
Airborne precautions
Standard precautions
Droplet precautions
Contact precautions
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Airborne precautions are used for diseases that are spread by tiny droplets caused by coughing and sneezing. HIV is not spread through the air, so airborne precautions are not necessary.
Choice B rationale
Standard precautions are used for all patient care. They’re based on the principle that all blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions except sweat, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious agents. HIV is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with infected blood or body fluids. Therefore, the nurse should plan to implement standard precautions when caring for this patient.
Choice C rationale
Droplet precautions are used for diseases that are spread by large droplets caused by coughing, sneezing, talking, or procedures such as suctioning and bronchoscopy. HIV is not spread through these methods, so droplet precautions are not necessary.
Choice D rationale
Contact precautions are used for diseases that are spread by direct contact with the patient or indirect contact with environmental surfaces or patient care items. HIV is not spread through casual contact, so contact precautions are not necessary.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Airborne precautions are used for diseases that are spread by tiny droplets caused by coughing and sneezing. HIV is not spread through the air, so airborne precautions are not necessary.
Choice B rationale
Standard precautions are used for all patient care. They’re based on the principle that all blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions except sweat, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious agents. HIV is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with infected blood or body fluids. Therefore, the nurse should plan to implement standard precautions when caring for this patient.
Choice C rationale
Droplet precautions are used for diseases that are spread by large droplets caused by coughing, sneezing, talking, or procedures such as suctioning and bronchoscopy. HIV is not spread through these methods, so droplet precautions are not necessary.
Choice D rationale
Contact precautions are used for diseases that are spread by direct contact with the patient or indirect contact with environmental surfaces or patient care items. HIV is not spread through casual contact, so contact precautions are not necessary.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
An elevated white blood cell (WBC) count in a urinalysis can indicate an infection or inflammation in the body. A count of 10 is higher than the normal range, which is typically 0 to 5 WBCs per high power field.
Choice B rationale
Occasional casts in the urine are not typically a cause for concern. Casts are tiny tube-shaped particles that can form due to kidney conditions, but occasional casts can be normal.
Choice C rationale
A pH of 5.0 is within the normal range for urine pH, which is typically between 4.6 and 8.0.
Therefore, this result would not typically need to be communicated to the provider.
Choice D rationale
Dark amber color of the urine can be a sign of dehydration, but it can also be influenced by certain foods, medications, and health conditions. It is not typically a result that needs to be communicated to the provider.
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