A nurse is assigned care of a patient who has HIV.
Which of the following infection control precautions should the nurse plan to use while caring for this patient?
Airborne precautions
Standard precautions
Droplet precautions
Contact precautions
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Airborne precautions are used for diseases that are spread by tiny droplets caused by coughing and sneezing. HIV is not spread through the air, so airborne precautions are not necessary.
Choice B rationale
Standard precautions are used for all patient care. They’re based on the principle that all blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions except sweat, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious agents. HIV is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with infected blood or body fluids. Therefore, the nurse should plan to implement standard precautions when caring for this patient.
Choice C rationale
Droplet precautions are used for diseases that are spread by large droplets caused by coughing, sneezing, talking, or procedures such as suctioning and bronchoscopy. HIV is not spread through these methods, so droplet precautions are not necessary.
Choice D rationale
Contact precautions are used for diseases that are spread by direct contact with the patient or indirect contact with environmental surfaces or patient care items. HIV is not spread through casual contact, so contact precautions are not necessary.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is choiceD.
Choice A rationale:
Introducing a regular diet is not the immediate priority for a child with severe diarrhea.The focus should be on stabilizing the child’s condition before reintroducing regular foods.
Choice B rationale:
Maintaining fluid therapy is important, but it is part of the broader goal of managing fluid balance.It is not the first step in addressing severe diarrhea.
Choice C rationale:
Rehydration is crucial, but it falls under the broader category of assessing and managing fluid balance.Ensuring the child is properly hydrated is part of the overall assessment.
Choice D rationale:
Assessing fluid balance is the priority action. This involves evaluating the child’s hydration status, monitoring for signs of dehydration, and ensuring that fluid therapy is appropriately managed.This step is critical to prevent complications from severe diarrhea.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Broth is a clear liquid that can help replace sodium and chloride lost through diarrhea. However, it does not contain the necessary amounts of other electrolytes such as potassium and bicarbonate, which are also commonly lost in diarrhea.
Choice B rationale
Apple juice is not a good choice for a child with acute diarrhea. It is high in sugars and can worsen diarrhea. It also does not contain the electrolytes needed to replace those lost through diarrhea.
Choice C rationale
Cherry gelatin is not a suitable choice. While it is a clear liquid that can help with hydration, it does not contain the necessary electrolytes to replace those lost through diarrhea. It is also high in sugars, which can worsen diarrhea.
Choice D rationale
Pedialyte is the best choice for a child with acute diarrhea who reports that he is thirsty. It is a rehydration solution specifically designed to replace fluids and electrolytes lost through diarrhea.
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