A nurse is assessing an adolescent client who has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following client statements is a sign of cognitive distortion?

"I really need to get into shape."

"If I eat one piece of candy, I may as well eat ten."

"I can't afford to gain weight."

"I like to cut my food into small pieces."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   It reflects a desire to improve physical fitness, which is a common and generally positive goal. However, if this statement were accompanied by an excessive focus on weight loss or extreme measures to achieve fitness, it could indicate a problem, but on its own, this statement is not clearly indicative of cognitive distortion.
B.   It reflects "all-or-nothing thinking," a common cognitive distortion in eating disorders. This pattern of thinking involves seeing things in black and white, where a small lapse in diet is perceived as a complete failure, leading to excessive and irrational behavior, such as consuming more than intended.
C.   It shows a strong fear of gaining weight, which is typical in anorexia nervosa. However, it is more a sign of extreme concern about body image rather than a specific cognitive distortion pattern. Cognitive distortions often involve faulty logic or irrational beliefs, and this statement is more about an emotional response to weight gain.
D.   Cutting food into small pieces can be a behavioral characteristic or ritual for someone with anorexia nervosa, but it does not necessarily reflect a cognitive distortion on its own. It might be a way to control portions or prolong the eating process, but it is not a direct example of distorted thinking.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While iron is crucial for overall health, its primary role in infants is not specifically related to vision development. Iron is essential for many bodily functions, including oxygen transport and brain development, but the statement about vision development is not directly relevant to the primary reasons for iron supplementation in infants.
B. This is a key point to include in the teaching. Iron stores that infants are born with start to deplete around 4-6 months of age. This is why iron-fortified formula or iron-rich complementary foods are recommended to prevent iron deficiency anemia, as breast milk alone may not provide sufficient iron after this period.
C. Iron is important for overall growth and development, including the development of red blood cells and cognitive functions. However, the specific facilitation of bone growth is more directly related to other nutrients like calcium and vitamin D.
D. Iron absorption can be a concern, but this statement is not entirely accurate. Iron in formula is typically well-absorbed, especially in iron-fortified formulas designed for infants. The goal of providing iron-fortified formula is to ensure that the infant receives an adequate amount of iron, which is absorbed effectively to support their growing needs.

A. Urinary urgency without frequency B. Loss of urine when laughing, coughing, sneezing C. Urinary hesitancy D. Hematuria

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Urinary urgency refers to a sudden, compelling need to urinate, which may or may not be accompanied by frequency (i.e., the need to urinate often). Urgency alone does not necessarily indicate urinary incontinence but rather may suggest conditions like overactive bladder or urge incontinence. This finding is not the most characteristic sign of urinary incontinence but rather a symptom of specific types of incontinence or bladder conditions.
B. Loss of urine when laughing, coughing, or sneezing is indicative of stress urinary incontinence. This type of incontinence occurs when physical activities that increase abdominal pressure (such as coughing, sneezing, or laughing) lead to involuntary leakage of urine. It is a common and classic symptom of stress urinary incontinence.
C. Urinary hesitancy refers to difficulty starting the urine stream or a delay in beginning urination. This symptom is more commonly associated with obstructive urinary conditions or prostatic issues in males rather than incontinence. It does not typically characterize urinary incontinence, which is more related to involuntary leakage rather than difficulties initiating urination.
D. Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine and can be a sign of various urological issues such as infections, stones, or tumors. It is not a typical finding associated with urinary incontinence, which involves involuntary leakage rather than the presence of blood.

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A nurse is assessing an adolescent client who has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following client statements is a sign of cognitive distortion?

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