A nurse is assessing an adolescent client who has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following client statements is a sign of cognitive distortion?

"I really need to get into shape."

"If I eat one piece of candy, I may as well eat ten."

"I can't afford to gain weight."

"I like to cut my food into small pieces."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   It reflects a desire to improve physical fitness, which is a common and generally positive goal. However, if this statement were accompanied by an excessive focus on weight loss or extreme measures to achieve fitness, it could indicate a problem, but on its own, this statement is not clearly indicative of cognitive distortion.
B.   It reflects "all-or-nothing thinking," a common cognitive distortion in eating disorders. This pattern of thinking involves seeing things in black and white, where a small lapse in diet is perceived as a complete failure, leading to excessive and irrational behavior, such as consuming more than intended.
C.   It shows a strong fear of gaining weight, which is typical in anorexia nervosa. However, it is more a sign of extreme concern about body image rather than a specific cognitive distortion pattern. Cognitive distortions often involve faulty logic or irrational beliefs, and this statement is more about an emotional response to weight gain.
D.   Cutting food into small pieces can be a behavioral characteristic or ritual for someone with anorexia nervosa, but it does not necessarily reflect a cognitive distortion on its own. It might be a way to control portions or prolong the eating process, but it is not a direct example of distorted thinking.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This option is not the most effective strategy for a bowel training program. While regular trips to the toilet can help establish a routine, taking the client to the toilet every 2 hours may be excessive and not tailored to the individual’s natural bowel patterns. This approach does not align with the client’s specific needs or natural urges and may lead to unnecessary discomfort or disruption.
B. Abdominal cramping can be a sign that the client’s bowels are ready to move. Taking the client to the
toilet after they feel abdominal cramping aligns with their natural physiological signals and can be an effective way to manage bowel movements. It helps ensure that the client responds to their body’s cues, which can promote regular bowel habits.
C. For some individuals, having a bowel movement before a meal can be part of a routine if it aligns with their digestive patterns. However, this strategy might not be effective for all clients, as bowel movements are not necessarily influenced by meal times for everyone. The timing might be more
relevant if it fits the individual’s routine or helps establish a regular pattern.
D. Responding to the client’s natural urge to defecate is the most effective way to manage bowel movements. Encouraging the client to use the toilet when they feel the urge helps to establish a natural and responsive routine, which can be more effective in promoting regular bowel habits and preventing constipation.

A. Trochanter roll B. Sheepskin heel pad C. Footboard D. Abduction pillow

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This device is used to prevent hip rotation and adduction. It is placed along the lateral side of the client's hips to keep the hips in a neutral position, preventing external rotation and adduction. It does not specifically address plantar flexion contractures of the feet.
B. This device is used primarily to reduce pressure and prevent heel ulcers, not to prevent plantar flexion contractures. Sheepskin pads provide cushioning to prevent pressure sores, but they do not help in maintaining the proper position of the feet to prevent contractures.
C. This is the appropriate device for preventing plantar flexion contractures. A footboard is placed at the end of the bed to keep the feet in a dorsiflexed position, preventing them from curling downward. It helps maintain the feet in a neutral or slightly dorsiflexed position, thus preventing plantar flexion contractures.
D. This device is used to maintain the hips in an abducted position, typically following hip surgery. It prevents the legs from coming together and helps with hip alignment but does not address the issue of plantar flexion contractures.

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A nurse is assessing an adolescent client who has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following client statements is a sign of cognitive distortion?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

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Correct Answer is C

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