A nurse is assessing a postmature infant.
Which of the following findings would the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A rationale

Applying petroleum jelly to the umbilical cord stump is discouraged as it may trap moisture, creating an environment conducive to bacterial growth. Dry cord care is preferred to reduce the risk of infection.

Choice B rationale

Washing the cord daily with soap and water is unnecessary and could lead to irritation or prolonged drying time. The cord stump requires minimal handling to promote natural healing and detachment.

Choice C rationale

Giving sponge baths ensures the cord stump remains dry, which is essential for preventing infection and expediting natural detachment. This method avoids soaking the stump, reducing the risk of maceration or bacterial colonization.

Choice D rationale

Covering the umbilical cord stump with a diaper increases moisture retention, which can delay healing. Proper diaper placement below the stump is recommended to minimize irritation and promote airflow.

Choice A rationale

A history of breast cancer is a contraindication for menopausal hormone therapy (HT) due to its potential to stimulate hormone receptor-positive cancer cells. Estrogen, a component of HT, may promote the growth of residual malignant cells. HT must be avoided to minimize the recurrence risk. Regular screening and alternative symptom management are recommended for these patients.

Choice B rationale

GERD management with proton pump inhibitors or H2 receptor antagonists does not contraindicate HT. These conditions are unrelated to hormone therapy risks or benefits. HT may even aid in esophageal mucosal protection in some menopausal women, but only under clinical evaluation.

Choice C rationale

Dermatitis, being a localized skin condition, has no direct correlation to HT contraindications. While some patients may report worsened symptoms with HT, it is not a standard exclusion criterion. Hormone therapy decisions should focus on systemic and oncological considerations rather than minor dermatologic history.

Choice D rationale

COPD, while a chronic respiratory condition, is not a standard contraindication for HT. Careful evaluation of cardiopulmonary status is necessary before initiating HT, as estrogen may influence thromboembolic risk, particularly in sedentary individuals, but it is not specifically contraindicated in COPD cases.