A nurse is assessing a full-term newborn upon admission to the nursery. Which of the following clinical findings should the nurse report to the provider?

Choice A rationale:
Swaddling the newborn with his legs extended is not the appropriate action for a newborn with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). NAS occurs when a baby is born dependent on drugs, usually because the mother used opioids during pregnancy. Swaddling may provide some comfort, but extending the legs could increase discomfort and agitation.

Choice B rationale:
Scheduling larger volume feedings at less frequent intervals is not the correct approach for a newborn with NAS. These infants often have feeding difficulties and may require smaller, more frequent feedings to reduce the risk of aspiration.

Choice C rationale:
Maintaining eye contact with the newborn during feedings may not be well-tolerated by a baby with NAS. They can be irritable and easily overstimulated, and eye contact during feeding may exacerbate their agitation.

Choice D rationale:
Planning care to minimize handling of the newborn is the most appropriate action for a baby with NAS. These infants are sensitive to stimuli and can become agitated easily, so minimizing unnecessary handling helps reduce their distress.

The correct answer is D. Plan care to minimize handling of the newborn.

Here's why:

• Swaddling with legs extended: This is not recommended as it can be uncomfortable for the newborn and may exacerbate withdrawal symptoms.
• Larger volume feedings at less frequent intervals: This can be difficult for newborns with NAS due to their increased metabolic rate and may lead to overfeeding.
• Maintaining eye contact during feedings: While this is important for bonding, it can be overwhelming for newborns with NAS, who often prefer a calm environment.

Minimizing handling is a key intervention in caring for newborns with NAS. Excessive handling can trigger withdrawal symptoms and make the newborn more irritable. Instead, focus on gentle, soothing techniques like swaddling with arms tucked in, rocking, and providing a quiet, dimly lit environment.

Choice A rationale:

Fresh citrus fruits are not a good source of vitamin B12. They are rich in vitamin C but do not contain vitamin B12.

Choice B rationale:

Brown rice is not a good source of vitamin B12. While it is a nutritious grain, it does not contain vitamin B12.

Choice C rationale:

Raw carrots are not a good source of vitamin B12. Carrots provide essential nutrients but do not contain vitamin B12.

Choice D rationale:

Fortified soy milk is the correct choice as it is a suitable option for someone on a vegan diet looking to increase their vitamin B12 intake. Many brands of soy milk are fortified with vitamin B12, making it a reliable source for vegans. Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function and red blood cell production, making it especially important during pregnancy.