A nurse is assessing a client with long-standing uncontrolled hypertension. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse anticipate as a result of target organ damage?

Proteinuria and edema

Weight loss and increased appetite

Improved exercise tolerance

Reduced urine output

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Correct answer. Proteinuria (presence of protein in urine) and edema (swelling) are common signs of kidney damage (nephrosclerosis) resulting from long-standing uncontrolled hypertension.

B) This option is incorrect. Weight loss and increased appetite are not typical manifestations of target organ damage in hypertension.

C) This option is incorrect. Improved exercise tolerance is not associated with target organ damage in hypertension.

D) This option is incorrect. Reduced urine output is not typically associated with target organ damage in hypertension. However, reduced urine output may occur in acute hypertensive emergencies, such as hypertensive nephropathy.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) This option is incorrect. While hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis, an ECG primarily assesses the heart's electrical activity, not arterial blockages.

B) Correct answer. An ECG is essential in diagnosing and assessing heart abnormalities, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, which can result from the strain caused by hypertension.

C) This option is incorrect. An ECG is not directly used to diagnose kidney damage. Blood tests like creatinine and BUN are more specific for assessing kidney function in the context of hypertension.

D) This option is incorrect. An ECG does not provide information on blood levels of sodium and potassium. Blood tests are used for evaluating electrolyte levels, not ECG results.

A. Liver enzymes (ALT and AST) B. Creatinine and BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels C. Blood glucose and HbA1c levels D. Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR)

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) This option is incorrect. Liver enzymes (ALT and AST) are not relevant to assessing kidney function or hypertension-related kidney damage.

B) Correct answer. A renal function panel typically includes creatinine and BUN levels, as they are essential markers used to evaluate kidney function in the context of hypertension.

C) This option is incorrect. Blood glucose and HbA1c levels are related to diabetes assessment and management, not kidney function in hypertension.

D) This option is incorrect. Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized

ratio (INR) are coagulation tests used to evaluate blood clotting, not kidney function or hypertension-related kidney damage.

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