A nurse is assessing a client in the emergency department when it is noted the left pupil is enlarged and fixed while the right pupil constricts to 2mm when exposed to light. Which of the following is a possible cause of unequal pupil sizing?
Normal variation in pupil size
Age-related changes
Ocular trauma
Excessive light exposure
The Correct Answer is C
A. There can be slight variations in pupil size but the difference described (one pupil enlarged and fixed, the other constricted and reactive to light) is not considered normal.
B. Age-related changes in pupil size typically involve a gradual decrease in pupil size, not a sudden and dramatic difference between the two eyes.
C. Unequal pupil size, especially when one pupil is fixed and dilated, is a classic sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), often caused by head trauma.
D. Exposure to light would cause both pupils to constrict, not one to dilate and fix.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. This is the action of medications like anticholinergics, not lidocaine.
B. Lidocaine does have local anesthetic properties, but it's not used in this context to relieve pain. It's used for its anti-arrhythmic properties.
C. Lidocaine is a class IB anti-arrhythmic medication. It suppresses abnormal heart rhythms, making it a crucial drug in treating cardiac arrest.
D. This is the action of thrombolytic medications like tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), not lidocaine.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","E","F"]
Explanation
A. "I will look up at the ceiling when I swallow.". The recommended position for swallowing is typically sitting upright with the chin slightly tucked.
B. "I will have to stop watching television while I eat." This indicates an understanding of the importance of focusing on eating and avoiding distractions.
C. "My food will have to be the consistency of pudding." This indicates understanding of the Level 3 dysphagia diet, which requires foods to be moist and easily swallowed.
D. "I can have cream soups on this diet." While cream soups might seem like a good option, they can be too thick for a Level 3 dysphagia diet. The consistency should be more like a thin purée.
E. "I shouldn't drink liquids while I have food in my mouth." This demonstrates understanding of the importance of avoiding choking hazards.
F. "I won't be able to eat nuts anymore." This indicates understanding of the restrictions on hard, crunchy foods on a Level 3 dysphagia diet.
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