A nurse is assessing a child who has bacterial pneumonia.

Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

The correct answers are B and C.

Choice A Reason: Transferring a client who is receiving radiation therapy involves understanding the precautions and care associated with radiation, which may be beyond the training of assistive personnel (AP). Radiation therapy clients may have specific safety and transport protocols that require the expertise of licensed nursing staff.

Choice B Reason: Measuring vital signs for a client who requires contact precautions is a task that can be delegated to AP. Assistive personnel can be trained in infection control procedures and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), making them capable of measuring vital signs while adhering to contact precautions.

Choice C Reason: Recording urine output for a client who has a suprapubic catheter can be delegated to AP. This task involves measuring and documenting a quantifiable data point, which does not require the clinical judgment of a nurse. AP can be trained to accurately measure and record urine output.

Choice D Reason: Planning care for a client who has dysphagia is a complex task that involves assessment and clinical judgment, which are responsibilities of the licensed nurse. Dysphagia can have serious complications, and care plans must be tailored to each client’s needs, requiring the expertise of a nurse.

• B: Heart rate 99/min. This is a finding that requires immediate follow-up because it is above the normal range for a 16-year-old client, which is 60 to 100 beats per minute. A high heart rate could indicate anxiety, stress, pain, infection or other conditions that need to be addressed.

• D: Client experiences nightmares. This is a finding that requires immediate follow-up because it could indicate post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is a mental health condition that can develop after witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. PTSD can cause distressing symptoms such as nightmares, flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, avoidance, negative mood and hyperarousal. PTSD can interfere with the client’s daily functioning and well-being and requires professional treatment.

• E: Witnessing their family’s death. This is a finding that requires immediate follow-up because it is the most likely cause of the client’s PTSD symptoms and emotional distress. Witnessing the death of one’s family members is a devastating and traumatic experience that can have lasting effects on the client’s mental health. The client may benefit from grief counseling, trauma-focused therapy, medication or other interventions to help them cope with their loss and trauma.

• H: Smoking marijuana to clear their mind. This is a finding that requires immediate follow-up because it indicates that the client is using an illicit substance to self-medicate their emotional pain. Smoking marijuana can have negative effects on the client’s physical and mental health, such as impairing their memory, cognition, judgment, coordination and motivation. It can also increase the risk of addiction, dependence and withdrawal symptoms. The client may need substance abuse counseling, education, referral or other services to help them quit smoking marijuana and find healthier ways to cope with their feelings.
The other findings do not require immediate follow-up for the following reasons:

• A: BP 122/80 mmHg. This is not a finding that requires immediate follow-up because it is within the normal range for a 16-year-old client, which is 110 to 120/70 to 80 mmHg. A normal blood pressure indicates that the client’s cardiovascular system is functioning well and there are no signs of hypertension or hypotension.

• C: Startles easy during thunderstorm. This is not a finding that requires immediate follow-up because it is a normal reaction to a loud noise or a frightening stimulus. The client admits that they have always been afraid of thunderstorms, which suggests that this is not a new or unusual behavior for them. However, the nurse may want to monitor the client’s anxiety level and provide reassurance and comfort during thunderstorms.

• F: Caregiver reporting client acting differently than usual. This is not a finding that requires immediate follow-up because it is a vague and subjective statement that does not specify how the client is acting differently or what changes have occurred in their behavior. The nurse may want to ask the caregiver for more details and examples of how the client has changed since the traumatic event and assess whether these changes are normal or concerning.

• G: Attends school regularly. This is not a finding that requires immediate follow-up because it indicates that the client is maintaining their academic performance and social interactions despite their trauma and grief. Attending school regularly can provide the client with a sense of routine, structure, support and achievement that can help them cope with their situation. However, the nurse may want to check with the client’s teachers and peers to see if they have noticed any changes in the client’s mood, behavior or participation at school.