A nurse is admitting a client who has sickle cell anemia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect with this condition?(Select All that Apply.)

A. A client's address is indeed considered personally identifiable information (PII) under HIPAA, which protects an individual's health information that can be used to identify them.
B. This statement is true. HIPAA is a federal law that sets standards for the protection of health information. However, state laws can provide additional protections but cannot be less stringent than HIPAA.
C. This statement indicates a need for further teaching. Under HIPAA, health information can only be disclosed to family members if the client has given consent or if it is in the best interest of the client (such as in emergencies). Without patient authorization, healthcare providers cannot disclose information freely.
D. This statement is accurate. HIPAA indeed regulates how individually identifiable health information is managed and protected, regardless of the format in which it is stored or communicated (verbal, electronic, or written).

A. Sickle cell disease is classified as an autosomal recessive disorder. This means that a child must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to express the disease. Individuals with one normal and one mutated gene are carriers (sickle cell trait) but do not exhibit symptoms.
B. X-linked genetic disorders are caused by mutations on the X chromosome and typically affect males more severely than females, as males have only one X chromosome. Sickle cell disease is not located on the X chromosome; therefore, it is not classified as X-linked.
C. In an autosomal dominant disorder, only one copy of the mutated gene is needed for an individual to express the disease. Sickle cell disease does not follow this inheritance pattern; it requires two copies of the mutated gene, which makes this classification inaccurate.
D. While sickle cell disease is indeed an inherited disorder, this term is broad and could apply to many genetic conditions. It describes the general nature of the disease but does not provide the specificity that "autosomal recessive disorder" does.