A nurse in an emergency department is assisting with the care of a client who is unconscious and has trauma to multiple systems following a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Airway protection

Stabilizing cardiac arrhythmias

Preventing musculoskeletal disability

Decreasing intracranial pressure

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: This action is correct because airway protection is the first priority for a client who is unconscious and has trauma to multiple systems. The nurse should assess the client's airway patency, breathing, and oxygenation, and intervene as needed to secure and maintain the airway. The nurse should also monitor the client for signs of aspiration, bleeding, or obstruction, and suction the airway as needed.
Choice B reason: This action is incorrect because stabilizing cardiac arrhythmias is not the first priority for a client who is unconscious and has trauma to multiple systems. The nurse should assess the client's circulation, blood pressure, and pulse, and intervene as needed to treat any arrhythmias, shock, or hemorrhage. However, this is not a priority over the client's airway, which is essential for survival.
Choice C reason: This action is incorrect because preventing musculoskeletal disability is not the first priority for a client who is unconscious and has trauma to multiple systems. The nurse should assess the client's mobility, sensation, and alignment, and intervene as needed to prevent or treat any fractures, dislocations, or nerve injuries. However, this is not a priority over the client's airway, which is essential for survival.
Choice D reason: This action is incorrect because decreasing intracranial pressure is not the first priority for a client who is unconscious and has trauma to multiple systems. The nurse should assess the client's level of consciousness, pupillary response, and neurological status, and intervene as needed to prevent or treat any increased intracranial pressure, cerebral edema, or brain injury. However, this is not a priority over the client's airway, which is essential for survival.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: The reservoir is the environment or habitat where the infectious agent lives and multiplies. The client's mouth is not a reservoir, but rather a part of the susceptible host. The reservoir for hepatitis A is usually the feces of an infected person.

Choice B reason: The susceptible host is the person who is at risk of getting the infection. The client's mouth is not a susceptible host, but rather a part of the susceptible host. The susceptibility to hepatitis A depends on factors such as age, immunity, hygiene, and exposure.

Choice C reason: The portal of entry is the opening or route through which the infectious agent enters the susceptible host. The client's mouth is a portal of entry, as it is where the contaminated food entered the client's body and caused the infection. Hepatitis A is transmitted through the fecaloral route, meaning that the virus is ingested from contact with objects, food, or water contaminated by the feces of an infected person.

Choice D reason: The infectious agent is the microorganism that causes the infection. The client's mouth is not an infectious agent, but rather a portal of entry for the infectious agent. The infectious agent for hepatitis A is a virus that affects the liver and causes inflammation, jaundice, and fever.

A. Genetics B. Sunbathing C. Smoking D. Unhealthy diet

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Genetics is a nonmodifiable risk factor for disease because it is determined by the inherited traits from the parents. Genetics can influence the susceptibility, severity, and progression of certain diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease. The nurse cannot change the client's genetic makeup, but can help the client to manage their condition and prevent complications.
Choice B reason: Sunbathing is a modifiable risk factor for disease because it is influenced by the client's behavior and lifestyle. Sunbathing can increase the exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can damage the skin cells and cause skin cancer, premature aging, or sunburn. The nurse can educate the client on the importance of sun protection, such as using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding peak hours of sun exposure.
Choice C reason: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for disease because it is influenced by the client's behavior and lifestyle. Smoking can harm the lungs, heart, blood vessels, and other organs, and increase the risk of various diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, or coronary artery disease. The nurse can assist the client in quitting smoking, such as providing counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, or pharmacological interventions.
Choice D reason: Unhealthy diet is a modifiable risk factor for disease because it is influenced by the client's behavior and lifestyle. Unhealthy diet can lead to obesity, malnutrition, or metabolic disorders, and increase the risk of various diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, or stroke. The nurse can advise the client on the benefits of a balanced diet, such as eating more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, and limiting the intake of salt, sugar, and saturated fats.

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A nurse in an emergency department is assisting with the care of a client who is unconscious and has trauma to multiple systems following a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

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