A nurse in a provider's office is caring for an infant who has developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The nurse should include which of the following instructions when teaching the parents about the Pavlik harness?

Choice A reason: This is the correct instruction for the nurse to include in the plan. Mumps is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the salivary glands. It is transmitted by respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or talking. The nurse should initiate droplet precautions, which include wearing a surgical mask, gloves, and gown, and keeping the child in a private room or with other children who have mumps.

Choice B reason: This is not the correct instruction for the nurse to include in the plan. Airborne precautions are used for infections that are transmitted by small particles that can remain suspended in the air for long periods of time, such as tuberculosis, chickenpox, or measles. Mumps is not an airborne infection, and the nurse does not need to wear a respirator or place the child in a negative pressure room.

Choice C reason: This is not the correct instruction for the nurse to include in the plan. Contact precautions are used for infections that are transmitted by direct or indirect contact with the infected person or their environment, such as scabies, impetigo, or MRSA. Mumps is not a contact infection, and the nurse does not need to wear gloves and gown for all interactions with the child or use disposable equipment.

Choice D reason: This is not the correct instruction for the nurse to include in the plan. Standard precautions are the minimum level of infection control that should be used for all patients, regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status. They include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, safe injection practices, and environmental cleaning. However, they are not sufficient for preventing the transmission of mumps, and the nurse should use additional precautions.

Choice A reason: Intravenous immunoglobulin is a likely prescription, as it is used to treat Kawasaki disease, which is a rare but serious condition that causes inflammation of the blood vessels in children. The toddler has many signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease, such as high fever, irritability, red eyes, dry lips, strawberry tongue, swollen hands and feet, rash, and enlarged lymph node. Intravenous immunoglobulin can reduce the risk of complications, such as coronary artery aneurysms, which can be life-threatening.

Choice B reason: Oral acyclovir is not a probable prescription, as it is used to treat viral infections, such as herpes simplex or varicella zoster, which are not the main problems of the toddler. The toddler has no evidence of a viral infection, such as blisters, vesicles, or crusts.

Choice C reason: Intramuscular penicillin is not a likely prescription, as it is used to treat bacterial infections, such as streptococcal pharyngitis or syphilis, which are not the main problems of the toddler. The toddler has no signs of a bacterial infection, such as purulent discharge, foul odor, or localized inflammation.

Choice D reason: Topical hydrocortisone is not a helpful prescription, as it is used to treat skin conditions, such as eczema or dermatitis, which are not the main problems of the toddler. The toddler has a rash that is caused by the inflammation of the blood vessels, not by an allergic or irritant reaction. Topical hydrocortisone may also worsen the rash or cause skin thinning or infection.