A nurse in a provider's office is caring for an infant who has developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The nurse should include which of the following instructions when teaching the parents about the Pavlik harness?
Remove the Pavlik harness when bathing the infant.
Adjust the length of the straps once a week.
Massage the infant's skin under the straps twice a day.
Place the diaper under the straps of the harness.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: This is not a correct instruction for the nurse to include in the teaching. The Pavlik harness is a device that holds the infant's hips in a flexed and abducted position to allow the femoral head to fit into the acetabulum. The harness should not be removed by the parents, as this may interfere with the treatment and cause complications. The nurse should instruct the parents to sponge bathe the infant while wearing the harness.
Choice B reason: This is not a correct instruction for the nurse to include in the teaching. The length of the straps of the Pavlik harness should not be adjusted by the parents, as this may affect the alignment and stability of the infant's hips. The nurse should instruct the parents to bring the infant to the provider's office regularly for check-ups and adjustments of the harness.
Choice C reason: This is not a correct instruction for the nurse to include in the teaching. Massaging the infant's skin under the straps of the Pavlik harness may cause irritation, friction, or pressure on the skin, which may lead to skin breakdown or infection. The nurse should instruct the parents to keep the infant's skin clean and dry, and to check for any signs of redness, swelling, or drainage.
Choice D reason: This is a correct instruction for the nurse to include in the teaching. Placing the diaper under the straps of the Pavlik harness prevents the diaper from interfering with the position and function of the harness. The nurse should instruct the parents to change the diaper frequently and to avoid using bulky or cloth diapers.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Broad-spectrum antibiotics are indicated for septic shock caused by bacterial infection, as they can target a wide range of pathogens and prevent further sepsis. Fluid boluses are also essential to restore the intravascular volume and improve tissue perfusion and oxygenation.
Choice B reason: Antipyretics and oxygen therapy are not sufficient to treat septic shock, as they do not address the underlying infection or the hypovolemia. Antipyretics may lower the temperature, but they do not eliminate the bacteria. Oxygen therapy may improve the pulse oximeter reading, but it does not correct the hypoperfusion.
Choice C reason: Vasopressors and blood transfusions are not the first-line treatments for septic shock, as they may have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and the coagulation cascade. Vasopressors may increase the blood pressure, but they may also cause vasoconstriction and reduce the blood flow to vital organs. Blood transfusions may increase the hemoglobin level, but they may also increase the risk of fluid overload, hemolysis, and transfusion reactions.
Choice D reason: Corticosteroids and antihistamines are not indicated for septic shock, as they do not have any proven benefits and may have harmful effects on the immune system and the inflammatory response. Corticosteroids may suppress the adrenal function and increase the risk of infection. Antihistamines may cause sedation and dryness of the mucous membranes.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Herpes simplex is a viral infection that causes painful blisters or ulcers in the mouth or on the lips. It does not cause a white, milky plaque that does not come off with rubbing.
Choice B reason: Dermatitis is a skin inflammation that causes redness, itching, and scaling. It does not affect the mouth or cause a white, milky plaque that does not come off with rubbing.
Choice C reason: Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from the squamous cells that line the mouth and other parts of the body. It causes a hard, irregular, or ulcerated growth that may bleed or become infected. It does not cause a white, milky plaque that does not come off with rubbing.
Choice D reason: Candidiasis, also known as oral thrush, is a fungal infection that causes a white, milky plaque that coats the tongue, cheeks, and roof of the mouth. It can be scraped off, but may leave a red, sore, or bleeding surface. It is more common in people who have a weakened immune system, such as those who take antibiotics, immunosuppressants, or corticosteroids. It can also be triggered by smoking, dry mouth, or poor oral hygiene.
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