A nurse in a mental health clinic is taking a medical history on a client. The nurse should recognize that which of the following factors in the client's history increases their risk for mental illness?
Being in a family with numerous siblings
Early exposure to violence
Being raised by a single mother
Living in a rural area
The Correct Answer is B
A. Being in a family with numerous siblings. While family dynamics can influence mental health, having multiple siblings does not inherently increase the risk for mental illness. Protective factors such as social support from siblings may actually be beneficial.
B. Early exposure to violence. Experiencing violence at a young age, such as abuse or witnessing traumatic events, can increase the risk for mental illness by altering stress responses, emotional regulation, and cognitive development.
C. Being raised by a single mother. While single-parent households may present challenges, they do not directly cause mental illness. Supportive parenting, economic stability, and social resources can mitigate potential stressors.
D. Living in a rural area. Although access to mental health care may be more limited in rural areas, residing in such an environment is not a direct risk factor for developing mental illness. Social support and lifestyle factors play a more significant role.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. To keep the client's environment calm and with minimal daily stimuli: While a calm environment can help manage acute psychotic symptoms, it is a short-term intervention rather than a long-term goal. Long-term management focuses on adherence to treatment and relapse prevention.
B. To be reoriented to their current environment as needed: Reorientation is beneficial for clients experiencing disorientation due to acute psychosis, but it is a short-term intervention. A long-term goal should focus on maintaining stability and preventing future relapse.
C. To ensure the client participates in a walk with staff on a daily basis: Regular physical activity can improve mental health, but it does not directly address medication adherence or long-term relapse prevention. The goal should focus on strategies to maintain treatment compliance.
D. To develop and acknowledge understanding of a relapse plan prior to discharge: A relapse plan helps the client recognize early warning signs, understand medication importance, and seek support when needed, which is essential for long-term symptom management and prevention of future hospitalizations.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. School-age: Schizophrenia is rare in children, and early-onset cases before adolescence are uncommon. Symptoms that resemble schizophrenia in children often require further evaluation for other neurodevelopmental disorders.
B. Young adulthood: Schizophrenia typically manifests between late adolescence and early adulthood, usually between ages 18 and 25 in men and slightly later in women. This period is when individuals experience their first psychotic episode.
C. Preschooler: Schizophrenia is extremely rare in preschool-aged children. Symptoms such as hallucinations or disorganized behavior at this age are more likely related to other developmental disorders or trauma.
D. Older adulthood: Late-onset schizophrenia is rare, and when psychotic symptoms emerge in older adults, they are often due to conditions such as dementia, delirium, or medication effects rather than primary schizophrenia.
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