A nurse in a health department is participating in an immunization clinic. The nurse should identify that which of the following children requires an alteration in the standard immunization schedule?

A. Formulate objectives for the smoking cessation program.

Formulating objectives is an important step in program planning, but it should come after gathering information about the community's needs and characteristics. Objectives are developed based on a clear understanding of the target population.

B. Evaluate the methods of successful smoking cessation programs.

Evaluating methods of successful programs is a valuable step, but it is premature without first understanding the community's current situation. The assessment of community needs and prevalence informs the selection of appropriate methods.

C. Gain community support for the program.

Gaining community support is a crucial aspect of program implementation, but it may be more effectively pursued after determining the prevalence of smoking. Understanding the extent of the issue can help in building a case for community involvement and support.

D. Determine the prevalence of smoking in the community.

Explanation: Assessing the prevalence of smoking in the community is a crucial initial step in planning a smoking cessation program. Understanding the extent of the problem helps the nurse identify the target population, assess the community's specific needs, and tailor the program to address local factors influencing smoking habits.

A. The anthrax vaccine is ineffective following direct anthrax exposure.

Explanation: The anthrax vaccine is a preventive measure but is not considered a treatment for individuals who have already been directly exposed to anthrax. Post-exposure prophylaxis with antibiotics is the primary intervention in such cases.

B. Prophylactic treatment should be provided to clients for 10 days following exposure to anthrax.

Explanation: The duration of prophylactic treatment may vary depending on the specific antibiotic used. While a 10-day course is common, the exact duration may be determined based on the specific antibiotic prescribed and updated recommendations from public health authorities.

C. Ciprofloxacin should be administered for asymptomatic clients who were directly exposed to anthrax.

Explanation: In the event of widespread public exposure to anthrax, prophylactic antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin are recommended for asymptomatic individuals who were directly exposed. Ciprofloxacin is one of the antibiotics effective against Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax. Providing prompt prophylactic treatment can prevent the development of anthrax infection.

D. Manifestations of anthrax infection appear within 3 days of exposure.

Explanation: The incubation period for anthrax can vary, and symptoms may not appear within 3 days of exposure. The incubation period can range from days to weeks, and the onset of symptoms may depend on factors such as the dose of exposure and the strain of anthrax.