A nurse identifies an extravasation of a vesicant solution at a client's peripheral IV catheter's insertion site. Identify the sequence in which the nurse should perform the following actions.

(Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the selected order of performance. Use all the steps.)

B. One of the significant changes that occur with aging is a decline in kidney function. This includes a decrease in renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine. These changes can impair the body's ability to conserve water and maintain electrolyte balance, increasing the risk of dehydration.

A. As individuals age, there is actually a decrease in the percentage of body water relative to lean body mass. This is because aging is associated with an increase in adipose tissue and a decrease in muscle mass, which affects the overall body composition.

C Saliva production typically decreases with age, rather than increases. Reduced saliva production can contribute to dry mouth and may affect hydration status indirectly, but it is not a primary factor in increasing dehydration risk in older adults.

D. While changes in blood pressure can occur with aging, such as an increase in systolic blood pressure due to arterial stiffening, this does not directly contribute to an increased risk of dehydration. Blood pressure changes are more related to cardiovascular health rather than fluid balance.

D. After administering the PPD solution intradermally, the nurse should not withdraw the needle and massage the site. Massaging can cause the PPD to disperse outside the intended area and affect the accuracy of the test result. Instead, the nurse should gently blot the site with a gauze pad if there is any bleeding, without massaging.

A. For a Mantoux tuberculin skin test, the standard technique involves injecting a small amount of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) intradermally to create a wheal or bleb that is typically 6 mm in diameter. If the nurse creates a bleb significantly larger or smaller than the recommended size, it could affect the interpretation of the test result.

B. It's important to avoid visualizing the needle tip under the skin during the injection. This can lead to inaccurate placement of the PPD solution, potentially resulting in an improperly administered test.

C. Stretching the skin tightly before injection is actually a correct technique for performing a Mantoux tuberculin skin test. This helps stabilize the injection site and ensures the needle is inserted at the correct angle for an intradermal injection.