A nurse caring for a client with head trauma will be monitoring the client for Cushing's triad. What will the nurse recognize as the symptoms associated with Cushing's triad? Select all that apply.

Choice A rationale

A 5% deficit in body weight and increased caloric need alone do not warrant the initiation of parenteral nutrition (PN). PN is typically reserved for situations where oral or enteral feeding is not feasible or safe.

Choice B rationale

Significant risk of aspiration and decreased level of consciousness may necessitate alternative feeding methods, such as enteral feeding via a nasogastric or gastrostomy tube. PN is considered when enteral feeding is not possible.

Choice C rationale

Calorie deficit, muscle wasting, and low electrolyte levels indicate malnutrition, but PN is initiated when other feeding methods are inadequate or unsafe.

Choice D rationale

Inability to take in adequate oral food or fluids within 7 days is a clear indication for initiating PN. This ensures the patient receives essential nutrients and prevents further deterioration of their nutritional status.

Choice A rationale

The dura mater is the outermost, tough, and fibrous layer of the meninges that provides protection to the brain and spinal cord.

Choice B rationale

Meninges collectively refer to the three layers of protective membranes (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater) that cover the brain and spinal cord.

Choice C rationale

The pia mater is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges that closely envelopes the brain and spinal cord, providing support and nourishment.

Choice D rationale

The arachnoid mater is the middle layer of the meninges that has a web-like appearance and provides cushioning for the brain and spinal cord.