The nurse is assessing the fingernails of a client at the clinic. The nurse observes pitting on the surface of the nail.

What disorder is this finding indicative of?

Choice A rationale

MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body's structures. The preparation for an MRI typically involves removing metal objects and sometimes fasting, but it is not similar to a myelogram.

Choice B rationale

A lumbar puncture, like a myelogram, involves inserting a needle into the spinal canal to collect cerebrospinal fluid or inject contrast dye. The preparation for both procedures includes obtaining consent, positioning the patient, and ensuring proper hydration. This similarity is why the nurse should explain that the preparation is akin to a lumbar puncture.

Choice C rationale

Cerebral angiography is an invasive procedure used to visualize blood vessels in the brain, requiring catheter insertion and contrast dye. The preparation is more complex, involving fasting and possible sedation, differing from the simpler preparation for a myelogram.

Choice D rationale

An EEG (electroencephalogram) measures electrical activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp. The preparation is generally non-invasive and less intensive than that for a myelogram, typically involving clean hair and avoiding caffeine.

Choice A rationale

The brain stem controls vital functions, including respiration. Damage to the brain stem, especially the medulla oblongata, can impair respiratory control, leading to the need for mechanical ventilation.

Choice B rationale

The parietal lobe is responsible for sensory processing and does not directly influence respiratory functions. Damage here would more likely affect sensation and spatial awareness.

Choice C rationale

The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing. Injury to this area would result in visual deficits rather than impaired respiration.

Choice D rationale

The frontal lobe is involved in cognitive functions, voluntary movement, and speech production, but it does not control respiration. Damage here would affect higher cognitive functions and motor planning.