A nurse and an assistive personnel (AP) are providing care for four clients who were admitted to the medical-surgical unit on the previous shift. The nurse should delegate meal assistance for which of the following clients to the AP?

A client who has Guillain-Barré syndrome

A client who has systemic sclerosis

A client who has amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A client who has a lumbosacral spinal tumor

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason:

A client who has Guillain-Barré syndrome: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) can cause significant muscle weakness and paralysis, including the muscles involved in swallowing. Clients with GBS are at high risk for aspiration and may require specialized feeding techniques or assistance from a nurse rather than an AP.

Choice B reason:

A client who has systemic sclerosis: Systemic sclerosis, also known as scleroderma, can affect the esophagus and cause difficulty swallowing. These clients may need careful monitoring and assistance with meals to prevent choking and ensure adequate nutrition.

Choice C reason:

A client who has amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): ALS affects the motor neurons and can lead to progressive muscle weakness, including the muscles involved in swallowing. Clients with ALS often require specialized feeding techniques and close monitoring during meals to prevent aspiration.

Choice D reason:

A client who has a lumbosacral spinal tumor: A lumbosacral spinal tumor primarily affects the lower back and may cause pain or mobility issues, but it does not typically impair swallowing. Therefore, this client is the most appropriate for the AP to assist with meals, as they are less likely to have complications related to eating.

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Correct Answer is ["2.0"]

Explanation

To calculate the dosage, follow these steps:

Step 1: Identify the prescribed dose.

The prescribed dose is 25 mg.

Result: 25 mg.

Step 2: Identify the concentration of the medication.

The concentration is 12.5 mg/mL.

Result: 12.5 mg/mL.

Step 3: Calculate the volume to administer.

Volume (mL) = (Prescribed dose in mg) ÷ (Concentration in mg/mL).

Volume (mL) = 25 mg ÷ 12.5 mg/mL.

Volume (mL) = 2 mL.

Result: 2 mL.

So, the nurse should administer 2.0 mL of diphenhydramine elixir per dose.

A. WBC Count B. Parkinson’s disease C. Potassium level on day 2 D. Furosemide E. Low blood pressure

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A: WBC Count

Reason: The white blood cell (WBC) count is not directly related to fall risk. WBC count is an indicator of the immune system’s response to infection or inflammation. In this case, the patient’s WBC count is within the normal range (5,000 to 10,000/mm³) on both days. Therefore, it does not contribute to an increased risk of falls.

Choice B: Parkinson’s disease

Reason: Parkinson’s disease significantly increases the risk of falls due to several factors. Patients with Parkinson’s often experience postural instability, which is the inability to maintain balance when standing or walking. This condition is a cardinal feature of Parkinson’s disease and can lead to frequent falls. Additionally, Parkinson’s patients may experience freezing of gait, where they suddenly cannot move their feet forward despite the intention to walk. This can cause them to fall. Other gait abnormalities, such as festinating gait (short, rapid steps) and dyskinesias (involuntary movements), also contribute to the increased fall risk.

Choice C: Potassium level on day 2

Reason: The patient’s potassium level on day 2 is 3.0 mEq/L, which is below the normal range of 3.5 to 5 mEq/L. Low potassium levels (hypokalemia) can lead to muscle weakness, cramps, and fatigue. These symptoms can impair the patient’s ability to maintain balance and increase the risk of falls. Hypokalemia can also cause abnormal heart rhythms, which can further contribute to the risk of falls.

Choice D: Furosemide

Reason: Furosemide is a diuretic medication used to treat conditions such as heart failure by reducing fluid buildup in the body. However, it can also cause orthostatic hypotension, a condition where blood pressure drops significantly when standing up. This can lead to dizziness, lightheadedness, and an increased risk of falls. Additionally, furosemide can cause electrolyte imbalances, such as low potassium levels, which can further contribute to fall risk.

Choice E: Low blood pressure

Reason: The patient’s blood pressure readings indicate orthostatic hypotension, with a significant drop from 128/56 mm Hg while sitting to 92/40 mm Hg while standing. Orthostatic hypotension is a common condition in patients with Parkinson’s disease and heart failure. It can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting when changing positions, increasing the risk of falls. The patient’s low blood pressure when standing is a clear indicator of increased fall risk.

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A nurse and an assistive personnel (AP) are providing care for four clients who were admitted to the medical-surgical unit on the previous shift. The nurse should delegate meal assistance for which of the following clients to the AP?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is ["2.0"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a patient on a medical-surgical unit. Exhibits A nurse is performing a fall risk assessment on a patient. Which of the following findings indicate that the patient is at increased risk for falls? Select all that apply

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A: WBC Count

Choice B: Parkinson’s disease

Choice C: Potassium level on day 2

Choice D: Furosemide

Choice E: Low blood pressure

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