A goiter is often associated with:

Hypocortisolism.

Hyperinsulinemia.

Iodide deficiency.

Azotemia.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale
Hypocortisolism, also known as Addison’s disease, is characterized by insufficient production of cortisol by the adrenal glands. It does not typically cause goiter, which is an enlargement of the thyroid gland due to various causes such as iodine deficiency, autoimmune diseases, or nodules.
Choice B rationale
Hyperinsulinemia refers to an excess level of insulin in the blood, often associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. It is not related to the development of goiter.
Choice C rationale
Iodide deficiency is a common cause of goiter. The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce thyroid hormones. When there is a deficiency, the gland enlarges in an attempt to capture more iodine from the bloodstream.
Choice D rationale
Azotemia is an elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels, typically due to kidney dysfunction. It is not associated with the development of goiter.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can lead to pulmonary embolism but does not directly cause chest pain and shortness of breath.
Choice B rationale
Pulmonary embolus (PE) is characterized by chest pain, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis (coughing up blood), especially in patients on bed rest.
Choice C rationale
Anemia can cause fatigue and shortness of breath but not typically chest pain and hemoptysis.
Choice D rationale
Right heart failure can cause shortness of breath and edema but not typically chest pain and hemoptysis.

A. Administering supplemental oxygen. B. Encouraging the client to use an incentive spirometer. C. Administering a bronchodilator as prescribed. D. Positioning the client in high Fowler’s position.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Administering supplemental oxygen is the priority intervention for a client with COPD who has an oxygen saturation of 88% on room air. This low oxygen saturation indicates hypoxemia, which requires immediate correction to prevent further respiratory distress.
Choice B rationale
Encouraging the client to use an incentive spirometer is important for lung expansion and preventing atelectasis, but it is not the priority intervention in this scenario. The immediate concern is to correct the hypoxemia.
Choice C rationale
Administering a bronchodilator as prescribed is important for managing COPD symptoms, but the priority intervention is to correct the hypoxemia by administering supplemental oxygen.
Choice D rationale
Positioning the client in high Fowler’s position can help improve breathing, but the priority intervention is to correct the hypoxemia by administering supplemental oxygen.

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A goiter is often associated with:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient, who is on complete bed rest following extensive surgery, begins to complain of chest pain and shortness of breath with hemoptysis. His SO2 measures 90%. The nurse recognizes that the patient is most likely exhibiting signs and symptoms of which condition?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted with increased shortness of breath and a productive cough. The nurse notes the client’s oxygen saturation is 88% on room air. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement first?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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