A community health nurse is providing teaching to the family of a client who has dementia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse tell the family to expect?

Decreased display of emotions

Forgetfulness gradually progressing to disorientation

Personality traits that are opposite of original traits

Decreased auditory and visual acuity

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) Decreased display of emotions:

While changes in emotional expression can occur in individuals with dementia, it's not a primary manifestation that is typically emphasized when educating families. Behavioral and psychological symptoms, including changes in emotion and personality, can be seen in dementia, but forgetfulness progressing to disorientation is a more direct and characteristic symptom of the condition.

B) Forgetfulness gradually progressing to disorientation

Explanation:

When educating the family of a client with dementia, the nurse should inform them to expect forgetfulness that gradually progresses to disorientation. Dementia is a progressive cognitive decline that affects memory, thinking, and reasoning. Forgetfulness is often one of the initial symptoms of dementia, and as the condition advances, individuals can become disoriented to time, place, and even people. This progression occurs due to the degeneration of brain cells and the accumulation of abnormal proteins.

C) Personality traits that are opposite of original traits:

Changes in personality traits can indeed occur as a result of dementia, but this may not be the most prominent or early manifestation that the nurse would want to highlight when educating the family. The gradual progression of forgetfulness leading to disorientation is a more specific and foundational aspect of dementia.

D) Decreased auditory and visual acuity:

Decreased sensory acuity, such as auditory and visual acuity, can happen with age and various health conditions, but they are not primary manifestations of dementia. Dementia primarily affects cognitive functions like memory, thinking, and reasoning.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "There really isn't much you can do about that until you are discharged." - This response dismisses the client's feelings and does not offer any support.

B. "You should call your boss and ask if you can have your job back." - This response is directive and may not address the client's emotional needs.

C. "You must feel very concerned and disappointed by that information."

This response shows empathy and acknowledges the client's feelings without making judgments or offering solutions. It validates the client's emotions and opens up a supportive space for further discussion.

D. "I don't understand why your partner would upset you with news like that." - This response may be perceived as judgmental and does not show empathy or understanding.

A. Low self-esteem B. Irritability C. Chronic pain D. Insomnia E. Euphoria

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Low self-esteem is a risk factor for depression because negative self-perception and feelings of worthlessness can contribute to the development of depressive symptoms.

B. Irritability is associated with depression, especially in adolescents. It can manifest as a mood symptom and is often seen alongside other depressive features.

C. Chronic pain can be both a symptom and a risk factor for depression. Persistent pain can lead to changes in mood, behavior, and physical function, contributing to the development of depressive symptoms.

D. Insomnia, or difficulty sleeping, is a common symptom of depression and can also be a risk factor. Sleep disturbances are often seen in individuals with depression, and they can contribute to the severity of the condition.

E. Euphoria is not a risk factor for depression. In fact, it is more commonly associated with conditions like bipolar disorder, where individuals experience periods of elevated mood (mania or hypomania) alternating with periods of depression.

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A community health nurse is providing teaching to the family of a client who has dementia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse tell the family to expect?

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