A community health nurse is preparing a poster for an educational session for a group of women with whom she will be discussing the risk factors for breast cancer.
Which factors increase the risk for breast cancer and should be listed on the poster? Select all that apply.

Choice A rationale

A family history of breast cancer is a significant risk factor because genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can be inherited and increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer.

Choice B rationale

Multiparity (having multiple pregnancies) is generally considered to reduce the risk of breast cancer. This is because pregnancy and breastfeeding lower the number of menstrual cycles a woman has, reducing her lifetime exposure to estrogen.

Choice C rationale

Exposure of the chest to high-dose radiation, especially during childhood or young adulthood, increases the risk of breast cancer. Radiation can cause mutations in breast cells, leading to cancer.

Choice D rationale

Previous cancer of the breast, uterus, or ovaries increases the risk of developing breast cancer. This is due to shared risk factors and the possibility of metastasis or recurrence.

Choice A rationale

This statement is incorrect. While the tubes are designed to allow air to enter the middle ear and prevent fluid buildup, water can still enter through the tubes and potentially cause infections or other complications. Therefore, it is important to take precautions to keep water out of the ears, especially during activities like swimming or bathing.

Choice B rationale

This statement is incorrect. Tympanostomy tubes are not designed to be removed every night. They are small tubes inserted into the eardrum to allow air to enter the middle ear and prevent fluid buildup. They remain in place until they naturally fall out on their own, which typically happens within 6 to 12 months.

Choice C rationale

This statement is incorrect. The tubes do not need to be replaced every 2 years. Tympanostomy tubes usually fall out on their own within 6 to 12 months. If they do not fall out naturally, a healthcare provider may need to remove them. However, routine replacement every 2 years is not necessary.

Choice D rationale

This statement is correct. Tympanostomy tubes are designed to fall out on their own, usually within 6 to 12 months after insertion. This natural process allows the eardrum to heal without the need for additional surgical intervention.