A clinic nurse is preparing to teach student nurses about care of clients with viral pharyngitis. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.

A. Wear a mask when caring for the client: This is an important action to prevent the spread of influenza, which is transmitted via respiratory droplets. Wearing a mask helps protect both the healthcare provider and other patients from potential exposure to the virus, especially in the early stages of the disease when the client is most contagious.
B. Place the client in a private room: This action is recommended to minimize the risk of transmitting the influenza virus to other patients. Isolating the client in a private room can help control the spread of infection, making it a necessary measure in this situation.
C. Encourage the client to increase fluid intake: Adequate hydration is essential for clients with influenza to help alleviate fever and maintain overall health. Increasing fluid intake supports the immune system and helps prevent complications such as dehydration, so encouraging the client to drink more fluids is appropriate.
D. Place the client on contact precautions: While contact precautions are essential for preventing the spread of infections transmitted by direct contact, they are not specifically necessary for influenza, which is primarily airborne and droplet transmitted. Standard precautions, including droplet precautions, are sufficient for managing a client with influenza.
E. Prepare to administer an antibiotic to the client: This action is not appropriate because influenza is a viral infection, and antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. Treatment for influenza typically involves antiviral medications if indicated, supportive care, and symptom management rather than antibiotics. Therefore, this option should not be included in the actions the nurse takes.

A. Clubbing of the fingers: This finding is often associated with chronic respiratory conditions, including emphysema, due to prolonged hypoxia. The chronic low oxygen levels can lead to changes in the nail beds, resulting in clubbing as the body attempts to compensate for the decreased oxygenation. Therefore, clubbing is a common assessment finding in clients with emphysema.
B. Bradycardia: Emphysema typically does not cause bradycardia; instead, clients may experience tachycardia due to increased respiratory effort and oxygen demand. While individual variations can occur, bradycardia is not a standard finding in clients with emphysema, making this option less likely to be present.
C. Barrel chest: This is a common physical assessment finding in clients with emphysema. The chronic overinflation of the lungs leads to a characteristic increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the chest, resulting in a barrel-shaped appearance. This occurs as the diaphragm becomes flattened and the rib cage is expanded from prolonged air trapping.
D. Dyspnea: Shortness of breath, or dyspnea, is a hallmark symptom of emphysema. As the disease progresses, clients may experience increased difficulty in breathing, especially during exertion, due to the destruction of alveoli and reduced lung elasticity. This finding is expected and significant in the assessment of a client with emphysema.
E. Deep respirations: In emphysema, clients often exhibit shallow, rapid breathing patterns rather than deep respirations. The loss of elasticity in the lungs leads to difficulty in full lung expansion, which can result in a more shallow and increased respiratory rate. Therefore, deep respirations are not a typical finding in clients with emphysema.